第三周英译汉讲义
Part I:翻译技巧——褒贬译法
Commendation & derogation
商英05级1,2班
2007.9.24.
1,About Concepts
commendation: referring to those words that tend to give appraisal or praise to sb. or sth. or behavior, etc.
neutrality: referring to those words that have no distinctively-positive or -negative view towards sb. or sth. or a behavior, etc.
derogation: referring to those words that tend to cause sth. or sb. to seem inferior, or detract from sth.; or tend to show a hostile, or critical attitude to sb., etc.)
die / 死
neutrality: 死亡,过世,亡故,身故,去世,殉难,
疾终,故去,没了,老了,不在,作古,长逝,永别,
夭折,阵亡,中殇, ……
commendation: 牺牲,就义,舍身,献身,捐躯,
殉职,殉国,殉节,仙游,仙逝, 千古,马革裹尸,
肝脑涂地,杀身成仁,舍生取义,玉殒香消,倩女离
魂, ……
derogation: 挺腿,完蛋,毙命,横死,暴毙,
暴卒,凶死,丧命,命丧黄泉,一命呜呼,死于非命,
登鬼录,玩儿完,……
翻译要点:
在翻译中要注意:
a)原文措词本身的语义特征;
b) 作者的写作手法/风格;
c)作者的表达意图;
d)原文所描写的人物关系及人物说话的语用意图,等等.
Cases Discussion
王东得到了丽婵的欢心.
Wang Dong got /grabbed / obtained / … Li Chan's heart / favor/love.
王东搏得了丽婵的欢心.
Wang Dong won / succeeded in achieving Li Chan's heart / favor/love.
王东骗取了丽婵的欢心.
Wang Dong deceived / stole away Li Chan's heart / favor/ love.
If the government listens to the minor grumbling and whining of the unemployed, it surely should be responsive to the plight of the affluent. (if someone is responsive, they react quickly and favorably)
如果政府听取了少数失业者抱怨和牢骚的声音,那么陷于苦境的富裕人士定会有更加热烈的反应.
点评:1)你们注意到了responsive一词的语义特征,很好,不过还要注意选词的褒贬色彩与运用,如"热烈的",属于褒义,倾向于指欢迎或支持某个提议,此处宜译为"强烈的反应"(表不满);2)其次是翻译时应注意把握作者的写作风格——口吻:"陷于苦境的富裕人士"不是很贴切,富人纳税幅度低一点还不至于"陷于苦境",原文plight一词表达作者对富人的一种调侃讽刺口吻.下文就提到"辩解的讽刺".故可以用双引号括起来保留原来的词义;3)minor 似乎不是"少数"之意.
修订:若政府连失业者们那些无关紧要的抱怨和牢骚都能听取,当然会更积极地关注富裕人士所身陷的"苦境".
褒贬译法的几种情况
褒贬译法之一:褒
一,英语中有些词有明显的褒义特征,翻译时应译出褒义特征,包括整句中与此相关的单位:
褒贬译法之一:褒

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