我所搜集到的韦晓亮的这本书的部分电子版内容, 完整版的原书内容 量巨大, 暂时还没有找到完美完整版的电子版, 以下这些个人觉得已 经非常具有针对性,和所有考友分享. 《TOEFL 写作/口语论证论据素材大全》 电子版 韦晓亮 编著 前言 对于中国考生来说, 英文写作和口语部分是最为头疼的事情之一. 那么考生为什么会畏惧英 文表达呢?为什么有些考生背了一两万单词却仍然写不出好的文章呢?为什么很多考生练 好了发音, 但是依然无法出口成章呢?找到了这一系列问题的答案, 就真正抓住了提高写作 能力和口语能力的关键. 英文写作和口语的困境可以归纳为三类: 困境 1:面对一个题目,根本无话可说,即便用中文,也写不出或说不出内容. 困境 2:有话可说,有内容可写,但英文表达支离破碎,完全不能用英文阐释清楚自己 的观点. 困境 3:有话说,也能用英文表达出要表达的意思,但写出来或者说出来的语言"满篇 尽带 Chinglish(中式英语) " . 那么该如何走出困境, 真正并有针对性地提高语言表达能力呢?答案很简单, 只有两个字— —素材! 面对一个话题,考生之所以无法写出连贯的文字、无法流畅地进行口语表达,是因为缺少写 作及口语素材.那么素材是什么呢?其实也就是我们所说的"言之有物"中的"物" .无论 是四、六级写作,还是考研写作,或是托福、雅思、GRE、GMAT、SAT 写作,考生之所以 无法取得高分, 根本原因在于其日常积累的英文论证素材以及论据素材过于贫乏, 根本无法 将零星散落于大脑各个角落不成体系的素材组合起来,形成一篇逻辑严密、语言优美、地道 的英文段落. 因此, 英文素材的积累和素材库的建立可以真正帮助中国英语学习者和广大英 语考生提高写作和口语能力,走出英文表达困境. 正如前面所提到的,英语写作/口语素材包含两类:一类是论证素材,即对于论点进行理论 分析的素材.例如:论证竞争机制的重要性、论证环境保护的必要性、论证艺术的价值等; 一类是论据素材,即可支持论点的相关事例.例如: "钻石教父"雷维夫与 DeBeers 公司的 竞争促进了整个钻石行业的发展这一事例,可用来支持"竞争机制的重要性"的论证;引用 美国政府参与环境保护的例子可佐证"环境保护的必要性" ;贝多芬、巴赫、凡高的例子可 说明伟大的艺术家们的艺术作品是如何推动人类文明发展的,并用以例证"艺术的价值" . 其实,只要多掌握适用于写作和口语测试的英文写作素材(论证素材 + 论据素材) ,就已 经为写/说出有理有据的文章打下了良好的基础,这也是写作和口语表达的前提.因为,任 何语言学习,或者说任何学习过程,都遵循"输入——输出"模式.如果没有输入,则永远 不可能输出;若没有好的输入,则永远不可能有好的输出.因此,语言学习有一条永恒不变 的真理:不听永远不会说,不读永远不会写.这里的"听"和"读"就是输入环节, "说" 和"写"就是输出环节;只有输入了好的英文素材,才能在需要的地方进行输出. 为此,继《GRE 作文大讲堂——方法、素材、题目剖析》出版之后,笔者又耗时两年时间 编写了留学考试类"英文写作论证论据素材大全"系列英文写作工具书.这套书旨在解决英 语的"输入和输出"问题——若考生想就某一个话题进行论述而又无话可说,或者不知道该 怎么用地道的英文进行表达时, 可按照本套书的话题类别索引在相应考试的 "英文写作论证 论据素材大全" 中进行查阅.这些段落全部摘自国外优秀的期刊、 报纸、 书籍和网站,例如: 《经济学家》 、 《时代周刊》 、 《科学》 、 《大英百科全书》 、 《微软百科全书》 、 维基百科 (Wikipedia) 等.通过查阅,既可以解决"无话可说"的困境,又可以解决"英文表达"的问题,久而久 之,通过不断查阅并多次输入,考生的知识面会扩大,论证能力会得到大幅度提高,最重要 的是可用地道的英文就不同的话题展开有理有据的论述.古人云: "熟读唐诗三百首,不会 作诗也会吟" .因此,有效地阅读本套书,可快速提高考生的写作能力和口语能力. 考虑到不同考试有不同的特点和难度,笔者在编写"英文写作论证论据素材大全"时,有针 对性地对托福、雅思、GRE、GMAT、SAT 考试写作和口语话题进行了详尽分类,并提供了 大量写作、口语素材. 本书 《新托福写作口语论证论据素材大全》 针对考生群体最为庞大的出国考试——托福考试 的写作和口语部分,尤其是独立写作和口语第 1、2 题,将托福写作官方题库以及常考的口 语话题分为 12 大类: "教育" 、 "技术与进步" 、 "环境" 、 "媒体" 、 "工作与成功" 、 "生活与健 康" 、 "社交与友谊" 、 "休闲娱乐" 、 "名人话题" 、 "历史与文化" 、 "个人品德"及"花钱与投 资" ,每一个话题又拓展出多个衍生话题及论证、论据素材段落,严谨、地道,不仅为考生 准备新托福写作和口语考试提供全面、地道的素材、话题和思路,还可以帮助考生在备考的 过程中实现写作、口语素材的即学即用. 每一段英文素材都由段落标题、段落大意、相应的英文素材段落三部分构成,保证考生对该 段的论述内容和论述功能一目了然,以帮助考生对各话题能够灵活运用.如下所示: 本书针对新托福写作的全部 12 大类话题提供了近千个这样的论证素材段落以及论据素材段 落, 而且每个段落都针对具体的题目和话题, 让考生在论述新托福独立型写作命题及口语考 试话题时,能够游刃有余,言之有物且有理有据.结合本书进行新托福备考,可以达到事半 功倍的效果. 相信这本书以及这套书可以帮助中国英语学习者和广大英语考生加强并扩展对 写作/口语官方话题 及中文翻译 衍生话题 段落标题 段落大意 英文素材段落 英文素材的积累,帮助考生建立自己的写作、口语素材库,以真正提高写作和口语能力,走 出英文表达困境. 本书具有以下特点: 全面性: 全面补充新托福独立型写作部分以及托福口语考试所涉及话题的英文论证素 材及英文论据素材,解决考生面对作文题目无话可说、无例可举的困境. 文化性:所有论证、论据素材段落均从辨证的角度出发,大量权威的论证分析力求做到 使考生在备考的过程中,翱翔于思辨的海洋和文化历史长河之中,了解更多关于西方教 育、法律、文化、科技、历史等方面的内容. 权威性:汇集世界优秀外文期刊、报纸、书籍、检索数据库和权威新闻网站的英文内容, 例如: 《经济学家》 、 《时代周刊》 、 《科学》 、 《大英百科全书》 、 《微软百科全书》 、维基百 科(Wikipedia)等. 指导性: 汇集新东方 GMAT 考试培训项目数年教学经验和写作教学成果, 内容具有极 强的指导性和操作性. 针对性: 针对中国考生写作和口语中存在的弱点, 全面提升考生写作、口语实力. 在本书的编写和出版过程中, 笔者得到了来自各方面的支持和帮助, 在此表示感谢. 感谢新东方教育科技集团董事长俞敏洪老师的鼓励和支持, 在他的关心和帮助下, 本书才 能得以顺利编写完成. 感谢北京新东方大愚文化传播有限公司成功出版了笔者的多本著作. 感谢我的家人对我事业上的支持和生活上的关心.感谢美籍专家 Stephen M. Shapiro 先生 对于本书英文部分的认真审订. 最后,感谢新东方的学员们,感谢你们对于小宝老师的支持,感谢你们在课堂上给我的很多 启发, "学无先后,达者为师" .作为教师,在和你们的沟通交流的过程中,我收获很多.同时, 这本书就是写给所有准备出国考试的学生们以及想要真正提高自己写作能力以及英文能 力的英语爱好者, 希望你们梦想成真. 在此, 不揣冒昧, 摘取德国诗人席勒的诗句以戒学子: 你要看到事业垂成, 必须努力向前,不可休息, 决不可因疲乏而静止; 你要认清全面的世界, 必须广开你的眼界; 你要认清事物的本质, 必须审问追究到底 . 只有恒心可以使你达到目的, 只有博学可以使你明辨世事, 真理常常藏在事物的深底. 韦晓亮(小宝老师) wxlxiaobao@gmail.com http://blog.sina.com.cn/weixiaoliang 目录第一章:ETS 官方新托福 185 作文题库话题分类 第二章:新托福写作/口语官方题库论证论据素材库 第一大类: 教育类 第二大类: 技术与进步类 第三大类: 环境类 第四大类: 媒体类 第五大类: 工作与成功类 第六大类: 生活与健康类 第七大类: 交友与友谊类 第八大类: 休闲娱乐类 第九大类: 名人话题类 第十大类: 历史与文化类 第十一大类:个人品德类 第十二大类:花钱与投资类 附录:新托福写作 ETS 官方题库(185) 参考文献 ETS 官方新托福 185 作文题库话题分类 第一大类 教育类 116 People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you? Use specific examples to support your choice. 113 Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion. 030 It has recently been announced that a new high school may be built in your community. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details in your answer. 141 If you could make one important change in a school that you attended, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 135 Some high schools require all students to wear school uniFORMs. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 066 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child's success in school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 002 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 125 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer. 124 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 107 Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why. 135 Some high schools require all students to wear school uniFORMs. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 184 Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 157 In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such as computers or television or of studying at traditional schools. Which would you prefer? Use reasons and specific details to explain your choice. 001 People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 069 If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study, what would you choose? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details. 072 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades (marks) encourage students to learn. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 125 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer. 076 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. 130 Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 128 Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole school day on academic studies. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 014 Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. 124 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 068 Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 077 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 137 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High schools should allow students to study the courses that students want to study. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 075 Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other universities require students to specialize in one subject. Which is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 097 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how much their students learn. Give specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 129 A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in agriculture (farming). Which of these two kinds of research centers do you recommend for your country? Use specific reasons in your recommendation. 123 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should read only those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts. Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion. 168 Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. 172 When students move to a new school, they sometimes face problems. How can schools help these students with their problems? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 061 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 126 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. 175 Some students like classes where teachers lecture (do all of the talking) in class. Other students prefer classes where the students do some of the talking. Which type of class do you prefer? Give specific reasons and details to support your choice. 163 Is the ability to read and write more important today than in the past? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 020 It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay. 004 It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? 174 Every generation of people is different in important ways. How is your generation different from your parents' generation? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 142 A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child's development. What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice. 017 Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay. 108 Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference. 133 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 102 Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 166 People recognize a difference between children and adults. What events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 112 Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why? 第二大类 技术与进步类 070 Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 178 The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring? Use examples and details in your answer. 084 Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 088 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and email have made communication between people less personal. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 036 Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people's lives. * Automobiles * bicycles * airplanes Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 039 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 083 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern technology is creating a single world culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 037 Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 178 The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring? Use examples and details in your answer. 081 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made the world a better place to live. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 104 When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question. It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer. 132 If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed. 第三大类 环境类 041 Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 029 Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 152 Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 181 In your country, is there more need for land to be left in its natural condition or is there more need for land to be developed for housing and industry? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 149 Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would you use this land? Use specific details to explain your answer. 154 In some countries, people are no longer allowed to smoke in many public places and office buildings. Do you think this is a good rule or a bad rule? Use specific reasons and details to support your position. 151 What is the most important animal in your country? Why is the animal important? Use reasons and specific details to explain your answer. 155 Plants can provide food, shelter, clothing, or medicine. What is one kind of plant that is important to you or the people in your country? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice. 182 Many people have a close relationship with their pets. These people treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family. In your opinion, are such relationships good? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 153 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A zoo has no useful purpose. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 005 A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position. 第四大类 媒体类 007 How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 180 Movies are popular all over the world. Explain why movies are so popular. Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 057 Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of movie do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 183 Films can tell us a lot about the country where they were made. What have you learned about a country from watching its movies? Use specific examples and details to support your response. 082 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot about a country. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 145 Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things that we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 150 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is bad for children. Use specific details and examples to support your answer. 127 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Reading fiction (such as novels and short stories) is more enjoyable than watching movies. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position. 049 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 008 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 035 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a live performance (for example, a play, concert, or sporting event) is more enjoyable than watching the same event on television. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 第五大类 工作与成功类 048 People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to support your answer. 053 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 131 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 067 If you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: an inexperienced worker at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a higher salary? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 063 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future. Use reasons and specific examples to support our answer. 040 The expression "Never, never give up" means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 103 In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example, honesty, intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be successful in life? Use specific reasons and examples from your experience to explain your answer. When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the prompt. 138 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 042 What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 164. People do many different things to stay healthy. What do you do for good health? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 115 Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Compare the benefits of planning free-time activities with the benefits of not making plans. Which do you prefer - planning or not planning for your leisure time? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice. 051 Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success come from? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 143 Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each year. Others believe that students should have several short vacations throughout the year. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 034 Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 058 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. 122 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer. 120 Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion. 第六大类 生活与健康类 021 In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay. 146 Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors. Other people prefer to spend their leisure time indoors. Would you prefer to be outside or would you prefer to be inside for your leisure activities? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice. 009 Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 027 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 016 It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 024 A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What do you think this person would like and dislike about living in your town or city? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay. 044 Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 047 Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 118 Some people enjoy change, and they look forward to new experiences. Others like their lives to stay the same, and they do not change their usual habits. Compare these two approaches to life. Which approach do you prefer? Explain why. 050 Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 052 What change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 059 Some people are always in a hurry to go places and get things done. Other people prefer to take their time and live life at a slower pace. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 071 Which would you choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details. 092 Some people prefer to live in places that have the same weather or climate all year long. Others like to live in areas where the weather changes several times a year. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 096 People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? Use specific details and examples in your answer. 099 You have been told that dormitory rooms at your university must be shared by two students. Would you rather have the university assign a student to share a room with you, or would you rather choose your own roommate? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. 101 Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer using machines. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 140 Some items (such as clothes or furniture) can be made by hand or by machine. Which do you prefer - items made by hand or items made by machine? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your choice. 160 When people need to complain about a product or poor service, some prefer to complain in writing and others prefer to complain in person. Which way do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 105 Students at universities often have a choice of places to live. They may choose to live in university dormitories, or they may choose to live in apartments in the community. Compare the advantages of living in university housing with the advantages of living in an apartment in the community. Where would you prefer to live? Give reasons for your preference. 165 You have decided to give several hours of your time each month to improve the community where you live. What is one thing you will do to improve your community? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice. 006 If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 139 What do you consider to be the most important room in a house? Why is this room more important to you than any other room? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 045 Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the day's work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 064 Some people prefer to work for themselves or own a business. Others prefer to work for an employer. Would you rather be self-employed, work for someone else, or own a business? Use specific reasons to explain your choice. 144 Would you prefer to live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment building? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 013 Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 177 A friend of yours has received some money and plans to use all of it either * to go on vacation * to buy a car Your friend has asked you for advice. Compare your friend's two choices and explain which one you think your friend should choose. Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 003 Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 161 People remember special gifts or presents that they have received. Why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 031 Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer: staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion. 第七大类 交友、友谊类 054 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 119 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer. 110 Some people prefer to spend most of their time alone. Others like to be with friends most of the time. Do you prefer to spend your time alone or with friends? Use specific reasons to support your answer. 111 Some people prefer to spend time with one or two close friends. Others choose to spend time with a large number of friends. Compare the advantages of each choice. Which of these two ways of spending time do you prefer? Use specific reasons to support your answer. 062 What do you want most in a friend - someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable? Which one of these characteristics is most important to you? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your choice. 055 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person should never make an important decision alone. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 170 Groups or organizations are an important part of some people's lives. Why are groups or organizations important to people? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 078 Is it more important to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 121 Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person's character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples. 173 It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your answer. 117 Some people choose friends who are different from themselves. Others choose friends who are similar to themselves. Compare the advantages of having friends who are different from you with the advantages of having friends who are similar to you. Which kind of friend do you prefer for yourself? Why? 第八大类 休闲娱乐类 026 It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 106 You need to travel from your home to a place 40 miles (64 kilometers) away. Compare the different kinds of transportation you could use. Tell which method of travel you would choose. Give specific reasons for your choice. 043 Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 169 People listen to music for different reasons and at different times. Why is music important to many people? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 128 Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole school day on academic studies. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 085 A foreign visitor has only one day to spend in your country. Where should this visitor go on that day? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 060 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Games are as important for adults as they are for children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 148 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing games teaches us about life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 136 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing a game is fun only when you win. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 012 Many people visit museums when they travel to new places. Why do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 171 Imagine that you are preparing for a trip. You plan to be away from your home for a year. In addition to clothing and personal care items, you can take one additional thing. What would you take and why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 074 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 025 It has recently been announced that a large shopping center may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 第九大类 名人话题类 162 Some famous athletes and entertainers earn millions of dollars every year. Do you think these people deserve such high salaries? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 079 Your city has decided to build a statue or monument to honor a famous person in your country. Who would you choose? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice. 090 If you could meet a famous entertainer or athlete, who would that be, and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 091 If you could ask a famous person one question, what would you ask? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 028 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion. 158 When famous people such as actors, athletes and rock stars give their opinions, many people listen. Do you think we should pay attention to these opinions? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 第十大类 历史文化类 089 If you could travel back in time to meet a famous person from history, what person would you like to meet? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 038 Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 065 Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 086 If you could go back to some time and place in the past, when and where would you go? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 094 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing plays an important role in a culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 176 Holidays honor people or events. If you could create a new holiday, what person or event would it honor and how would you want people to celebrate it? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 098 If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice. 080 Describe a custom from your country that you would like people from other countries to adopt. Explain your choice, using specific reasons and examples. 109 When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Support your answer with specific details. 156 You have the opportunity to visit a foreign country for two weeks. Which country would you like to visit? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice. 159 The twentieth century saw great change. In your opinion, what is one change that should be remembered about the twentieth century? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice. 第十一大类 个人品德类 046 What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? Have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 018 What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important. 179 What are some of the qualities of a good parent? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer. 062 What do you want most in a friend - someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable? Which one of these characteristics is most important to you? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your choice. 093 Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. What are some of the important qualities of a good roommate? Use specific reasons and examples to explain why these qualities are important. We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important. 015 Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer. 018 What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important. 第十二大类 花钱、投资类 056 A company is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment. Which do you think the company should choose? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 100 Some people think that governments should spend as much money as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Other people disagree and think that this money should be spent on more basic needs. Which one of these opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 095 Some people think governments should spend as much money as possible exploring outer space (for example, traveling to the Moon and to other planets). Other people disagree and think governments should spend this money for our basic needs on Earth. Which of these two opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 019 Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay. 147 Your school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best way for your school to spend this money? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 167 Your school has enough money to purchase either computers for students or books for the library. Which should your school choose to buy - computers or books? Use specific reasons and examples to support your recommendation. 011 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students' sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 033 You have received a gift of money. The money is enough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. Which would you buy? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 032 Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 185 You have enough money to purchase either a house or a business. Which would you choose to buy? Give specific reasons to explain your choice. 第一大类 教育类 116 People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you? Use specific examples to support your choice. 学习有不同的方式,做事情,阅读或者聆听别人的教诲,你更倾向哪个? 1 读书可以培养交流能力 段落大意:孩子们读书可以增强他们以后在学习和工作中的交流能力 Reading skills are essential to success in society today. The ability to read is highly valued and very important for social and economic advancement. Instilling reading into a child's life can prove to be one of the most valuable skills that they will ever learn. As a result from reading books, the child will be more likely to read and speak in front of people. This is a very marketable skill to have in the workforce and for school. 2 读书对理解 社交 自信心的锻炼 段落大意:读书可以增强人们的理解能力,社交能力,自信心. One of the effects that reading has on a person is the ability to understand more terms or words over a period of time. This is commonly referred to as comprehension. Reading can be a challenge but is one that must be met accordingly in order to succeed. Children who are successful readers tend to exhibit progressive social skills. Having confidence in reading only comes from the daily practice of reading. One good way to accomplish the task of reading is through books. Reading books can develop a person's comprehension by learning new words. The easiest way to do this is to look up words in the dictionary that are not understood when they are first read. Writing these words down and reciting them aloud also help to establish them in memory. Incorporating these new words in everyday speaking will increase language skills and boost confidence of the speaker as well. 3 读书对于词汇的扩充和语言的理解有重要作用 段落大意:读书可以扩充人们的词汇量,增强人们对词汇的理解. The second effect that reading books has is vocabulary growth. Along the same lines of comprehension, the growth of vocabulary is also very important. Having a large vocabulary is not only impressive but also useful in many areas of public speaking. For example, many politicians say the same things over and over again, and to the untrained listener this might go on unnoticed. Their ability to do this comes largely from an extensive vocabulary base. Many different words have the same meaning, or as they are more commonly referred to are synonyms. Upon looking up a word in the dictionary one might be surprised to realize that they already know the definition of it. By cross-checking these words and learning the different synonyms to them, one's vocabulary is being established. As a result of reading books over a period of time, a learning process is formed. 113 Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion. 政府打算建一所新大学,有人认为你家附近是个合适的地方.比较好处与坏处,详细阐述. 030 It has recently been announced that a new high school may be built in your community. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details in your answer. 可能在你们社区内建一所高中.你同意还是反对,详细阐述原因. 1 私立学校的建立的必要性以及优势 段落大意: 私立学校的教育更容易为孩子们打下良好基础, 无论是在他们的学习还是工作能 力上. As time has gone by, Americans have increasingly paid more attention to the schooling process, trying harder all the time to get the best education possible for their children. As a result, more parents are turning from the public school systems to the private schools. This happens for several reasons. First, students that graduate from private schools tend to be better prepared for college. Second, private schools open up many opportunities to succeed in the business world. Last, private schools allow parents and students to decide which school will give students the best education. Overall, private schools offer a better education for high school students than public schools. 2 社区学校的种种优势 段落大意:教育被全社会都认为是很重要的事业.在社区建立学校,方便家长,便于学生交 流. Many people in today's society believe it's wise to send their children to private schools. In making the decision on whether to put children in public or private schools, they look to four main factors: curriculum, class size, the graduation rate, and cost. When people have to pay for something, their first thought is, "Will I be getting what I'm paying for?" With a private school education, the amount you have to pay is usually well worth it. Here students can find people who are just like them and can associate better. 141 If you could make one important change in a school that you attended, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 如果你能在你读书的学校做出一件重要的变化, 你改变什么? 1 交流能力对现代企业的重要性 段落大意: 有效的交流是现代企业成功的一个必备因素 (因此本题可以写到在学校里加强培 养学生交流能力的重要性). Effective communication is critical for the success of any organization. Through the use of proper communication skills, individuals will be better able to function as a group, thus allowing organizations to share information, to analyze situations and to set goals. 2 交流能力对经济发展的重要性 段落大意:交流是企业对抗来自国内外发展阻力的手段. In today's turbulent economic environment and rapid technological change, communication is critical in allowing a business to deal with the restructuring of national and international economies, in preventing market saturation, and in allowing a business to deal with their competitors more effectively. 3 学校教育对交流能力的重视和培养 段落大意:各个大学已经开始注意交流培训的重要性. Oral communication skills have, in fact, been found to be the second most important job skill by the American Society of Personnel Administrators. Even business colleges have begun to recognize the importance of communication skills in business success and many have begun to offer their own communication classes. 4 理财能力的培养 段落大意: 学生理财能力的培养以及发展, 能让学生更加清楚的理解未来财产的状况以及规 划. Money management is all about discipline and how we handle risk-that's, not overtrading, cutting your losses, and letting your profit run. In other words, money management is the process of analyzing trades for risk and potential profits, determining how much risk, if any, is acceptable and managing a trade position to control risk and maximize profitability. The importance of money management can best be shown through drawdown analysis which is simply the amount of money you lose in trading, expressed as a percentage of your total trading equity. Drawdown does not measure overall performance, only the money lost while achieving that performance. Its calculation begins only with a losing trade and continues as long as the account hits new equity lows. 5 危机管理的能力 段落大意:危机意识充斥着整个世界的经济发展领域,学生们应该学习危机管理的能力. Within the worldwide activities in the developing economical industry, many corporations are exposed to a number of risks that arise in the ordinary courses of their business. Risk management is therefore an integral part of our business processes and decisions, including corporate governance. Each operating unit or business entity is accountable for managing the risks associated with its regional or worldwide business. In general, the risk management policy is to take advantage of opportunities while taking on only those risks that are necessarily associated with creating economic value. 135 Some high schools require all students to wear school uniFORMs. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 有些学校强制学生穿校服, 有些不要求. 你喜欢哪种? 1 校服是学校在权威和秩序方面的体现 段落大意:校服对昭显学校权威,维持学校秩序有着重要作用. Public schools have recently stepped up to their 'A' game around the country. For a while, dress codes have been implemented in private and parochial schools across the county. It wasn't until more recent that the issue was brought to discussion about a dress code in public schools. Uniforms serve a purpose to the schools that are adapting the change in attire. The uniform dress code has helped make private and parochial schools more prestigious for their organization and the results of it. Uniforms would be beneficial to the public school system because a lot of what the public school system is known for would be stopped because of the newly executed dress code. 2 学校秩序的下滑,使得校服的规制十分重要 段落大意:近年来学校的纪律在各方面都有所下滑,校服的规定有利于扭转这种局面. In recent years the face of public schools has changed drastically. Our schools were always intended to be a place where the students could go and learn in a safe and secure environment. Unfortunately for us, the times have changed; discipline, safety and security in our public schools have all fallen by the wayside. Today, our children are faced with the growing threat of violence and crime in their classrooms. In aspirations of bringing back the essential requirements for education in the classroom, numerous parents, teachers, and school officials have come to conclusion that requiring school uniforms is a clear-cut step in reversing the downward trend of our schools. The majority feel that school uniforms will help expedite the effort to guide our schools in the right direction. The implementation of school uniforms has the potential to help bring under control the disciplinary problems found in our schools, and it can do so in many ways. 066 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child's success in school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 你是否同意,同学比父母对孩子影响更大 002 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 父母是最好的老师. 同意与否? 1 知识量的增加有赖于家长帮助 段落大意:家长对孩子知识量的强化和扩充,有着很重要的作用. Today, the push for more accountability of student performance changed how assessment will be measured and judged in public schools. Not only will students be assessed through test scores, but also through attendance, school work, and observations. Parents hold the school's responsibility for the advancement of their students' knowledge. Different tests are given to measure their intelligence level which is either used to compare one student to another or measure their performance based on a pre-existing body of knowledge. The scores from the tests help the schools determine the advancement of a student from grade to grade, additional educational help, and graduation. Accountability needs to apply to everyone, including the administrators, teachers, parents, and students. 2 家长在价值观方面对孩子的影响 段落大意:家长通过帮助孩子树立正确价值观影响到孩子的成长. Teenager is important in life because most people decided their majors and established their values during this period. There are many factors that influence their decisions and values. In my opinion, among them, family is the most important influence on young adults because they establish right values through the good advice and are helped when they choose the right path for their future. 3 孩子和家长应该建立良好的关系 段落大意: 孩子和家长应该建立良好的互相理解和关爱的关系, 以缩小他们之间的误解和差 距. A good parent-children relationship should be set up on the basis mutual understanding and respect. Parents can not impose their ideas on their children. They should treat their children as independent individual. It is advisable for the parents to learn to listen to children's ideas and encourage them to think on their own rather than decide everything for the children. On the other hand, children should listen to their parents' advice for they're more experienced. Try to be understanding when there is disagreement with parents. Always keep one thing in mind---whatever they do comes from their love for us. It is necessary for children to exchange ideas with parents from time to time so that the gap between parents and children will be narrowed. 125 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer. 高中学生必须学习音乐和艺术吗? 124 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 科学和历史文学哪个更重要? 1 学生对文学兴趣的丧失现状 段落大意:很多学生现在已经失去了对文化,艺术的热情. Here is a question which may puzzle students who are interested in science and engineer before entering university: "what will I be – a scientist or an engineer?" Some of them have lost interests in history, literature, geography, music and art and thought them irrelevant to their choices and less important than English and some other courses in science and engineering, and therefore spent less and less time in learning these unimportant subjects at school. A proper answer may be found after we make clear the difference between a scientist and an engineer. 2 学生应该具有综合的素质 段落大意:学生去学校学习,应该掌握各方面的知识,培养各方面的素质. For those puzzled middle school graduates/students, they'd better first make sure what education involves. Education involves cultivating intellectually, culturally, morally and physically. We go to school to learn different things from books and teachers. We go to school to get training of various kinds in order to be well-behaved, intelligent, considerate, creative, imaginative and useful to society. We get to know cultural differences of different times and different countries; we learn to distinguish well from bad and cultivate the patriotic feeling; we also have physical training to build up good health. Every kind of knowledge learned at this period will offer us a window to a more splendid world of science and culture and will help us developing healthy character and good structure of knowledge. We are enlightened and inspired to learn more object and scientific way to know more about the world and ourselves. 3 科学和文学之间相互统一的关系 段落大意:科学揭示自然界奥秘,文学探寻真理,二者可以互相统一. Science can be an inspiration for literature. Normally we think of science as one kind of human investigation and literature as another, and that the two do not have anything in common, yet in science fiction we have the bringing together of the these two disciplines, either from the perspective of the literary imagination or that of the scientific mind. Science examines the nature of the real world and seeks by means of technology and hard logic to gain an understanding of it; it works with evidence. Literature seeks for truth, which does not necessarily lie in the real world around us but rather in our minds and our imaginations; it works with insight. 4 艺术的多种形式对人的帮助 对生活的反映 段落大意:艺术具有多种多样的形式,生活和艺术紧紧相连,艺术反映生活,反映社会. Art is a thoughtful, emotional expression. It has many forms, such as painting, sculpture, architecture and the written word. Rousseau proposes, "Instead of thinking of life as something to which signs and texts are added to represent it, we should conceive of itself as suffused with signs." For these purposes the signs which Rousseau identified are works of art. This statement speaks to the inseparable quality of life and art. Since life and art are connected they invariably affect one another. 5 艺术是人的感情对生活的体现 段落大意:艺术是人对生活感想的表达;艺术和科学的学习同样重要. Art is a deliberate recreation of a new and special reality that grows from one's response to life. It improves our existence by enhancing, changing and perpetuating our cultural composition. "The great artist knows how to impose their particular illusion on the rest of mankind," proclaimed Guy de Mauspassant. The knowledge in art, literature, and history may be as important and necessary as the knowledge in other subjects in science and engineering and may be a must for a future scientist or engineer to be more creative and more imaginative. 6 艺术的积极的社会作用 段落大意:艺术是社会生活的反映,可以提高人们的志气,团结社会,提高凝聚力. Art improves our lives by directly and indirectly lifting the morale of individuals, creating unity and social solidarity. Art creates awareness of social issues. Art may express and reflect the religious, political, and economical aspects of cultures. Art echoes the natural world. It gives order to the world and intensity to human life. Art is a means of communion as well as communication. It provides pleasurable experiences along with cerebral wealth. Art also helps us to express our sentimental relations. It can beautify surprise, inspire, stimulate imagination, inform, tell stories, and record history. As someone once said, "Art is life." 107 Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why. 高等教育是否应该给所有的学生? 还是给优秀的学生? 1 教育对于社会,是降低贫穷 促进发展的动力 段落大意:教育能降低贫穷率,为可持续发展做好铺垫. Education has become one of the most powerful weapons known for reducing poverty and inequality in modern societies. It is also used for laying the foundation for a sustainable growth and development of any nation. 段落大意:教育是社会进步的动力和源泉. Education is one of the most important tools that the society possesses. The right implementation of this tool is one of the greatest ways of assuring the quality of life within a society. At its most basic definition, education is nothing more than the teaching of ideas. The early stages of schooling instill more attitude and social skills than knowledge. As the age and skill level of the student increases, more education is based upon the interest of the student. 2 教育对人类有着启蒙和塑造作用 段落大意:教育塑造人类文明,从根本上解决一切经济问题. Education is one of the most powerful instruments in shaping the human race. Education is the only answer to all our socio-economic problems. Several global organization and nations have been emphasizing the need for the universalisation of primary education. The Economics Nobel laureate of 1998, Prof. Amartya Kumar Sen has also pointed out that for sustainable development, even the poorest of the poor should be provided proper education. Accordingly, steps have to be taken to bring primary education to the doorsteps of the rural people, since they are less likely to gain necessary education in these areas. 3 教育对个人有提高进步的益处 段落大意:教育是人类用来武装自己,给自己知识,技能,良好习惯的重要手段. Education has essentially been a social process in capacity building and maintenance of society since the creation of human beings. To cope with the changing realities and uncertainties of human life, education has been a weapon with which to equip the people to acquire relevant knowledge, skills and habits of surviving in the modern world. There was an International Conference in Paris with a theme titled" The World Crisis in Education". This triggered off the process of developing the World Declaration on Education for All. It was spread over the several months and all over the world. Four agencies the World Bank, the United National Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)came together to sponsor the World Conference on Education for All in Jomtiem, Thailand in March, 1990. 4 科技发达的时代需要教育的启蒙和指导 段落大意: 信息化时代的来临, 需要教育培养出一代高素质的, 能够跟得上科技进步的人才. With globalization, the interaction between information and technology has increased, and thus, this interaction in science forced the nations to review their educational processes and adapt them to the new age. This change has invalidated the slow approaches that used to put students under burden of enormous amount of knowledge, and has turned to the methods that modernize the ways to information, because information has started to penetrated into the daily lives of people rapidly and expanded its interaction zone. This change that is shaping the modern education leads us to see education from new perspective and to configure our knowledge according to these perspectives. 135 Some high schools require all students to wear school uniFORMs. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 孩子应该在可能的时候帮助做家务.同意与否? 1 家长应该培养孩子的各种技能的重要性 段落大意:家长们过多关注的只是孩子们的成绩,忽视了能带给孩子更多发展的其他技能. The problem is that we as parents are only educating our children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but we are not teaching them the fundamental skills they need to be confident, happy and smart which can be mastered by cooking, sewing and doing other household chores. 2 家长和社会只关注成绩对孩子造成的危害 段落大意: 仅仅关注孩子的学习成绩在长远上是对孩子发展的制约和伤害, 家长们应该看到 不同技能对孩子发展的积极影响. In this world of multiple-choice tests, children's skills are developed unevenly, hampering them from developing their full potential. By focusing only on studying, parents lose sight of the fact that study is only one aspect of education and development. Worse, by judging the children by his or her test scores, parents make them insecure. Parents should focus on developing all of their child's skills and increasing his or her self-esteem. In short, giving a good education to the child is not only on the basis of financial investment and on the basis of attaching importance to their skill development. So it can be cheaper and get twice the result with half the effort. 3 烹饪的作用 段落大意:烹饪能教给孩子们耐心和时间观念. Teaching your children to cook will improve many of the skills that he or she will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and timing. It is also an enjoyable but different experience. Therefore he or she will learn to work hard independently. In the end he or she can actually see the final product- a well cooked dinner- and that will add much self-confidence. 4 缝纫的作用 段落大意:缝纫可以培养孩子的灵敏度和灵活性. Teaching your child seemingly simple activities like sewing will improve hand dexterity and agility. Scientists have proved that using hands to perform difficult tasks increases intelligence. 5 机械拆卸的好处 段落大意:允许孩子拆卸机器会培养孩子的好奇心和逻辑思维能力. Giving your children old machines, such as a broken radio or television to play with, makes him curious and also increases his analytical mind. A child who spends many hours looking at a broken radio and trying to fix it will probably become an engineer when older. These activities are not teaching the child to study, but rather preparing him or her to think. 184 Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 有些人喜欢单独学习, 有些人喜欢和一群人一起学习. 你喜欢哪种? 1 竞争与合作促进社会和个人的进步 段落大意:竞争和合作共同是是社会和个人进步的动力. As an effective means of keeping balance between or among complicated social factors, competition could provide an indispensable system for social organizations at different levels to motivate their members and inspire them to make good performance, friendly co-operation and become more competitive and creative. A sound interaction of competition and cooperation promotes each other, thus advancing the development of the whole society. As a matter of fact, it is in this way that our society has achieved today's prosperity. Let's compete in the spirit and cooperate on the basis of competition. 2 一起学习对学生团队意识的培养 段落大意:一起学习会教育孩子培养竞争意识和团队精神 Let's illustrate this with a football team. Everyone on the team works hard and strives to be the best player. He will use his own advantages to catch up with and surpass the others. At the same time, everyone should cooperate with others and work together to win the game. A team good at individual skills but poor in team work can never win a game. While competition helps enhance individual abilities, cooperation helps bring individual abilities to full play, make up for each other's inadequacy and enhance the overall quality of the parties involved. Competition without cooperation may be good to only a few but harmful to society as a whole; cooperation without competition may bring about a peaceful life to all but destroy individual's initiative and eventually affect social development. 157 In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such as computers or television or of studying at traditional schools. Which would you prefer? Use reasons and specific details to explain your choice. 学生在家里利用计算机和电视机学习, 还是传统的学校学习?你喜欢什么? 1 网络的种种优点 段落大意:网络有效,有用.快速,乐趣. Firstly, students need to learn to use the Internet because it is an integral part of society, and because they can widen their knowledge of the world through it. Secondly, the Internet is quite useful. Knowing how to make sense of the WWW will help students get good jobs in the future. Thirdly, it is fun. Students can enjoy learning because life on-line is attractive. These facts are making educators rely on the internet as an education tool. 2 网络学习,计算机学习的种种缺点 段落大意:网络也给学生带来懒惰,不耐心等坏习惯. The first major problem with the internet is that as an education tool, the internet creates more problems than it solves. Surfing the web does not always teach students useful lessons. More often, it teaches them the wrong lessons. It is silly to teach students to use calculators when they still cannot count properly. Additionally, internet teaches students bad habits such as impatience. It is very fast so students do not have to wait long. As a result, they become impatient and demanding. On-line students learn that social skills are not important because they can ask a machine instead of a classmate or teacher. 3 学生利用传统和现代综合的学习方法 段落大意:学生们应该在学会基本技能的条件下有效利用网络学习. Educators today believe that every student should know how to use the internet. But their enthusiasm is misguided. The internet is indeed important and useful, but so are many other things. Students should master basic skills such as math and reading before turning to the internet. Also, they must learn to cooperate with each other to solve problem, and prepare for their futures. 001 People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 人们上大学为很多目的, 比如有人为准备工作经验,有人为增长知识. 你认为人们为什 么上大学? 1 上大学对职业经验的培养 段落大意:职业经验对于大学生来说相当重要. The first is Career-related work experience in their field of study. This includes things such as cooperative education assignments, part-time jobs, summer employment, and practicum. Employers look for hands-on experience, and also look for classroom experience with a real-world work orientation including case studies and simulations. 2 大学对职业技能的培养 段落大意:电脑等基本职业技能也是雇主需要的,因此也是教育的一个内容. The second is abundant computer work. Automation and increased utilization of computer technologies are required for almost every job within business, education, and government agencies today. 3 大学对解决问题的能力的培养 段落大意:增强解决问题的能力. The third is problem-solving skills rather than memorization of coursework. For achieving results in the future management and leadership environments, college students must have clear thinking skills. 4 大学对学生团队精神的培养 段落大意:增强理解他人的能力,学会团队精神,是工作中不可缺少的素质. The forth important quality that college students need today is an understanding of other people's aspects of the work situation. Examples include team–based assignments, group projects, and associate team evaluations. Employers want colleges and universities to create more projects and team environments so that students can learn project management skills and strengthen team-player competencies. 069 If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study, what would you choose? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details. 如果你能学习一门你从来没有学过的课程,你挑选什么? 1 交流课程对学生的重要意义 段落大意:大学要学习与人交流,了解自己. Communicating courses are essential. College is about learning. It is not as simple as teach whatever it is that is being taught in your required classes. It is about learning how to listen, how to speak, how to think. Learning who you are, who your friends are, and the type of people you want as friends, learning how to trust your innermost feelings, and how to find those feelings in the first place. It is about learning what is really important to you, and learning what you really do not give a damn about. 2 信用管理 段落大意:信用管理作为市场经济的副产品,值得被我们重视以及学习. Since credit sale is the result of market competition, the enhancing of credit management has become critical to enterprises. Strengthening the control over company's credit risk and establishing credit management system have significant meanings to developing the market economy. A firm should establish a scientific credit management system to change accounts receivable management, lower financial risk, and increase core competence. Therefore we as college students and potential labors should adapt ourselves in the developing issue on credit management. 072 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades (marks) encourage students to learn. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 考试分数鼓励学生学习吗? 1 标准化考试造成三方的危害 段落大意:标准化考试对老师,学生,学校三方都有危害. Where is the standardized test that can measure passion for learning, respect for others, and human empathy?" These are the words of Tom McKenna, a disgruntled high school teacher from Portland, Oregon. Like many other educators and students across the nation, Tom is tired of the system. The educational system today is composed of a series of standardized tests. Standardized tests are bad for many reasons. They cause teachers to limit their curriculum, cause school districts to focus too heavily on raising test scores, and extract the passion for learning from students. 2 标准化考试对老师惰性的培养 段落大意:标准化考试使得很多教师只为了考试而准备教学材料. In many cases teachers are encouraged to teach only material that will be seen on certain standardized tests. For this reason, teachers are forced to extract superfluous material from the course. Instead, teachers focus only on specific items from the test. Students are encouraged to memorize isolated facts and regurgitate short responses. In an article published by the Fair Test organization, this method is called "teaching the test." Teaching the test seems to be conducive to improving test-taking skills but real academic progression is not always represented. 3 标准化考试对孩子自信心的伤害 段落大意:标准化考试会挫伤孩子的自信心. Standardized tests are used all over the country as a means to measure students' academic performance. Often the students become frustrated upon taking these tests and in turn do not perform at their optimal level. Research has shown that standardized tests cannot fully represent a student's intelligence or achievement. 4 标准化考试有内在的不公平性 段落大意:标准化考试对鉴定一个人的能力有着不公平,不精确的弊端. Standardized testing is an unfair and inaccurate form of judging a person's intellect. In many cases, people are either over or underrepresented by their test scores, partly because America does not currently have the capabilities of fairly scoring the increasing number of tests. 125 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer. 高中学生必须学习音乐和艺术吗? 1 音乐是一个人的生活必需品 段落大意:音乐是很多人生活的重心,没有音乐,这个世界将会变得枯燥,无味. Music is central to my life. Without music, the world would be naked, cold and quiet. Music can set the rhythm for a long day of work, the mood for a date, a party or even your whole life. It can wrap you in a blanket when you are down. Music is a vehicle for expressing love, telling a story, or showing happiness. My love for music has grown throughout the past few years and continues to do so even today. Playing musical instruments such as the violin, viola, trumpet and French horn has deepened my appreciation for the sounds I hear when I listen to music. From personal experience playing in concerts and writing my own music I have captured the views of both sides of music's artistic prism: creation and presentation. Creation, I have learned can be a tremendously tedious task. It involves more than perseverance and determination. Creating music requires the harmonious articulation of one's feelings and thoughts through instrumental or vocal sounds. Music is the universal language. 2 音乐对人们有情绪表达作用 段落大意:音乐是一个人情绪表达的重要方式.人们的各种情绪,快乐,悲伤,都可以用音 乐来表达. Born to be free and music is a style of expression. You can either express the way you feel or get out of that trap or you can just drown in your problems playing sorrow blues. All my life I worked with music and I realize that music is a difficult but beautiful thing that people should take more time to appreciate. And in life there's nothing I can relate to more than music. Some doctors and lawyers can't help me but music can. 3 学校不提供音乐教育无益于学生价值观培养 段落大意:学校不提供艺术课程的教育是错误的决定.艺术,例如音乐,是人们交流的一种 方式,会影响到孩子们价值观的塑造. There are schools attempting to eliminate teaching musical arts to our children. The board of education claims they must provide education by concentrating on the basic academic courses, but what they don't realize is that music is a major part of basic education. We must not allow them to pull the teaching of music out of our school curriculums because music is an essential form of communication. Our children do not have to be fluent in the arts to receive the value of broad exposure to the different musical dialogues. Deprivation of a very valuable part of education occurs if we do not teach them to appreciate a wide variety of music. Metaphorically speaking, we often associate the terms language and grammar with the term music. This association leads us to believe that music is a form of language, 4 人们的日常生活离不开音乐 段落大意:音乐是一个人的生活必需品.人们在做很多事情的时候,都会聆听音乐. Music Education is no doubt a necessity to the students today. Music plays a major role in everyone's daily life. Music is listened to while driving a car, when eating in restaurants, relaxing at home, and even when on hold to a company's overloaded phone system. Music is everywhere you turn, and it should be one of the main subjects to be studied in our public school systems. Public schools in America need to understand that the funding and continued study of music is just as important as the funding for math or science to produce a well rounded graduate. 076 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. 学生一上学就该学习一门外语.同意与否? 1 外语学习的交流作用 段落大意:老师们会采取多种教学方法来教导外语学习.学习外语是为了交流的需要. Second language acquisition is when a child or adult has already become competent at a language and then attempts to learn another. The goal of learning language is for communication and exchanging message. Normally, teacher does not use one single method, although he/she may have a leading towards certain aspects of particular one. He/She may use a combination of methods, in order to successfully achieve the goal. 2 学习外语的必要性 段落大意:学习外语的必要性:文化交流. Is a second language a necessity in our world today? Should parents push for their child to learn two languages in elementary school? If we live in multicultural neighborhoods, trade with the global marketplace, and want to use all technology resources available, it is necessary to know two languages. Multilingual people and communities seem to have an advantage over monolingual people. 3 孩子小的时候学习外语被证明更为有效 段落大意:一些研究证明,孩子们小的时候,学习外语更加有效. The ultimate goal in many classrooms is to communicate in meaningful and appropriate ways. In the United States, American students get the opportunity to learn a second language in high school, yet it has been proven that children learn better when they are young. Some schools are taking this opportunity to teach a foreign language to elementary students. 4 孩子较强的接受能力对学习的帮助 段落大意:孩子的接受能力更强更快,越年轻,越容易接受外语. Children at the age of starting school can learn many new things. They can absorb much new knowledge. The younger they are, the easier they can learn how to pronounce like a native speaker. If we can arrange some suitable courses for children to learn a foreign language as soon as they start school, there will be more advantages for their learning and their development. 5 学生有更多练习外语的机会 段落大意:孩子会有更多的练习外语的机会,通过看电影,听歌,旅行等方式都可以帮助孩 子提高外语水平. No doubt, early start means more time for practice. Children can improve their hearing ability from foreign movie, songs, or from tourists. They might not be able to understand the whole conversation but they will hear the word they have learned and know how to pronounce them correctly. I have read the book about bringing up a child where parents speak two languages finding that there is no problem for a child to learn two languages at the same time. 130 Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 年轻小孩花费太多时间从事体育的好处和坏处? 128 Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole school day on academic studies. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 有些人认为体育锻炼应该成为学校每日的必须部分,另外有些人认为学生应该全日把时间 用在学习上.你的观点如何? 011 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students' sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 对于学生体育运动和图书馆,大学是否应该给相同金额的资金? 1 体育对人们的生活有着多种作用 段落大意:体育的正面作用包括娱乐,社会能力,性格塑造等等. Sports provide many opportunities for our youth today. In fact the British used sports in educational institutions to develop socialization, social control, and character on their youth. Sports also provide an obvious form of entertainment in many societies as well. Many role models, heroes, and idols can originate from sports. It also provides a means of recreation for youth to participate in and spend some free time on something constructive. 2 体育的各种社会作用 段落大意:体育对人们的生活,消费,娱乐有很重要的作用,同时也会交给人们很多东西. Sport is defined as an athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess and often a competitive nature. Since the creation of man, sports have played a huge part in the way people live their lives. Whether it was gym class in elementary school, varsity basketball in high school, or even professional baseball as a career, sports have an influential role in our everyday lives. Children are taught at a young age to love sports and that they are a necessary part of life. Why is it essential that children be placed in sporting activities? Other than the joy of participating in the sport itself, there are several valuable lessons learned by young athletes through the involvement of sports that make them better, well rounded, people in life. 3 学校运动对于学生的培养 段落大意:现在有很多大学生运动健儿,证明了学校教育体育的好处. There are many good athletes in professional sports today. There are many good athletes in college sports today also. Some of the biggest names in sports are Mark McGwire, Steve Young, Michael Jordan, Allen Iverson, and so on. To make it into professional sports you need more than just talent. You need opportunity. College scholarships not only give athletes the opportunity to reach the professional ranks, but also give the chance for many players to earn a degree in higher education. Many people dream of being a professional athlete. Some people make it a reality, but how? There is always a process to reach certain goals. When people think of the process on how to achieve a professional sporting status, people think of doing well in high school first, then earning a college scholarship to give them an edge. 4 学生参加体育可以对体能和心智锻炼 段落大意:年轻人参与体育活动会从身体和心智上锻炼他们. Sports programs provide our youth with positive development both physically and mentally. A positive approach should be used to help develop athletic skills and teach kids lessons in life. Today sports have proven to be a healthy outlet for students, in dealing with stress in the classroom, at home and among their peers. . 014 Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. 学生应该不应该自己选择上课?还是要强迫学生上课? 1 自主选择使得教育风气败坏 段落大意:自主选择风行各大学校,但是这种制度却被证明是教育堕落的原因. Optional attendance to classes at universities has been an increasingly popular way for students to study for several years in quite a few countries. However, it has not yet had its intended results as it had been hoped. In fact, today, this system seems to be one of the reasons for the corruption of university education. In my opinion, compulsory attendance is better than having no requirement to attend all the lessons on-campus. 2 自主选择课程的弊端 段落大意:自主选择上课会造成大量的经济资源浪费,成绩下降等后果. There are many negative situations caused by the free-attendance system. The most harmful one is the economic waste for both universities and students. Many students who do not attend classes regularly are likely to suffer decreased performance on their exams and therefore waste their time in college. Not only are the university fees wasted, but also the money for accommodations and other spending are also wasted. 3 必须上课的纪律性对孩子们的好处 段落大意:虽然学生们可以自主安排自己的时间,但是对于大多数年轻学生来说,强迫上课 的制度和纪律是有好处的. There are two points of view to this question. First, one side will say that university students are adults and should be able to manage their time as they see fit. This point of view says that sometimes, in today's busy world, people need flexibility to manage their lives. For example, many single parents who are trying to earn their college degrees will sometimes need to skip a class because of the demands of their other responsibilities. However, I believe that the great majority of college students are young and single, and have few responsibilities, and that they need the discipline and structure of a system that requires attendance. Young people who have just gone off to college are notorious for the excesses to which they enjoy their freedom. 083 In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details. 学生打工好不好? 1 工作有助于责任感培养 段落大意:学生工作会增强他们的责任感.例如按时上班,对待顾客要有良好的态度等. When teenagers have jobs while they are students, they can learn how to be responsible. As an employee, you must follow a weekly schedule. This means that you have to come to work on time. If you are scheduled to begin work at 8 a.m. on a Saturday morning, you have to be there at 8 a.m. It doesn't matter if you went to a party the night before and do not want to get up. You have to get up. Your boss is relying on you to do your job. As an employee, you also learn that you must serve the customer in a friendly manner. If you are not friendly, the store may lose business and you may lose your job. Finally, an employee is responsible for maintaining the store shelves with inventory. If you work in a department store, you have to keep the shelves filled with merchandise. The products have to be priced and placed on the shelves. If the shelves look empty, customers may get a bad impression of the store and may not continue to shop there. 2 工作有助于培养金钱观念 段落大意:学生工作会增强他们对金钱的观念,会告诉他们赚钱不容易,不应该浪费. Another benefit to teenagers working is that they will learn the value of money. Often students get money from their parents, but they do not realize how hard their parents work for that money. When students work, they begin to appreciate how difficult it can be to make money. Another reason why it is good for students to work is that they will make wiser choices when they use their own money to buy things. Lastly, when students do spend money for personal objects, they will appreciate them more than if they had gotten the money from their parents. 3 工作有助于团队精神培养 段落大意:学生工作会增强他们的团队精神,这对他们以后的发展是有好处的. Finally, working teenagers learn from members of a team. As employees, students learn to work with others and help one another. Students will develop friendships with other employees because they have learned to count on each other. Working as a member of a team will build strong character for students. 072Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion 科学和历史文学哪个更重要? 1 重视科学,或者重视文学是人们的基本观念 段落大意:人们对科学和文学存在着两种观念,科学重要或者文学重要. If we lived in a world without literature, learning only the sciences, would we be the same people? Does the human race need literature at all; does it have any worth whatsoever except as entertainment? Do people actually learn from literature? These are all questions that divide the human race into two separate sections, those who believe in the power of literature, and those who see it as impoverished compared to the social sciences in its ability to teach us about ourselves. However we need not be so divided on this issue. 2 科学和文学同等重要 段落大意:文学和科学一样重要.文学给人们知识,娱乐;科学给人们解释知识,带来经验 等. Literature is as essential as science is, but merely differs in technique. Literature offers knowledge to those that seek it, gives experience to those who understand it, and pleasure to those who love it. Science on the other hand imparts knowledge, leads to experience, and gives pleasure to the few who love it. 3 科学和文学同样范围宽阔 段落大意:文学和科学范围一样,非常宽阔. Literature is just as varied and expansive as Science is. There are hundreds of styles, millions of authors, and thousands of languages which make up literature. Instead of different fields, as in science, there are different genres. Literature is often backed up by research or first hand information, but can also be fanciful flights of the imagination. They are similar to the research, observation, and hypothesis found in science. 068 Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 学生每天的作业是必要的吗? 1 知识的深入需要练习伴随理论 段落大意:只有理论是不够的,理论要伴随着实践才能深入理解. Study goes with practice. I think it is true because only theory is not enough. You should practice again and again until you understand the essence of problems. To understand the subject students must spend time doing assignment. Homework can asses the result of understanding. 2 家庭作业可以巩固学生所学知识 段落大意:通过练习家庭作业,学生可以巩固当天课堂所学知识. Homework is an assignment given by teachers to the students so that they can work on it at home. Each day's homework is normally based on the class work done for that day. Sometimes the homework given might also require the students to gather some extra information from external sources like library books and newspapers. 3 家庭作业可以激发学生好奇心 段落大意:家庭作业可以激发孩子们的好奇心和学习的动力. The second purpose achieved by homework is to intellectually stimulate the child's curiosity for knowledge. Homework that requires a student to gather some information as part of a project, or draw some diagrams or charts, or build something out of paper or word, all stimulate the child's creative and intellectual abilities. The child is forced to explore or enhance his skills, and probably develop some of his inherent qualities. 077 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 男女应该分学校上课吗? 1 同校上课可以让男女生互相尊重 段落大意:男女同校上课可以教育孩子们互相尊重他人.女性的权利可以得到理解和尊重. Learning to respect each other is significant for both boys and girls. When children interact with other children of opposite sex, they learn that men and women are equal. As a result, they understand that men and women have the same rights and opportunities. 2 同校上课有助于互相理解帮助 段落大意:男女同校上课可以教育孩子们互相理解,尊重,帮助. The disadvantage of attending separate schools is that the mutual sex will be suffering in the future because of lacking the knowledge about the opposite sex. Attending mixture schools, boys and girls can help each other more efficiently than those in separate schools. Since different physical minds have different ways to think about questions, the communication between them can get some new ideas from each other. 137 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High schools should allow students to study the courses that students want to study. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 高中应该准许学生学习他们喜欢的课程吗? 1 学生有权利自主选择课程 段落大意:虽然学生们一直被要求强制上课,但是他们的自主选择权利应该得以保障. Nowadays, universities are open place for all people. More and more educational chances have been created for those who want to acquire knowledge from colleges and universities. While registering for a college course seems to be no longer complicated, there still remains an obstacle that has been triggered so much controversy in academic environment: mandatory attendance policy. This policy, which is imposed by some schools or some professors, requires that college students must attend class regularly enough. In my opinion, this policy is useless and burdensome to many people involved. University students should be free in choosing which classes to attend. 2 高中内容是基本知识的延伸 段落大意: 高中知识是基础知识的延伸, 因此能够很好掌握基础知识的学生应该被允许自主 择课. High school is simply an extension of the basic skills learned in the primary school system. It is not the government's decision whether or not you should have to attend high school or choose compulsory classes. It should be the individual's choice, and forced on no-one, because by the time you have completed your primary education, you are old enough to make this decision. In high school there are more trouble makers who only disrupt the classes because they do not want to be there. These people disrupt the class and make it more difficult for those who are interested in the subject and want to learn. If school courses were optional, these students would not be in classes disrupting the class and ruining the chances of other students. 3 学生自主的教学方法有助于实践能力的培养 段落大意;学生应该被包括到很多类型的教学方法中,以培养锻炼他们的实际能力. Student-centered learning is a broad teaching approach that encompasses replacing lectures with active learning, integrating self-paced learning programs and/or cooperative group situations, ultimately holding the student responsible for his own advances in education. Student-centered learning environments have a heightened advantage over the traditional teacher-centered, subject-centered environment in that they provide complimentary activities, interactive in nature, enabling individuals to address their own learning interests and needs and move forward into increasingly complex levels of content to further their understanding and appreciate subject matter. The student-centered learning environment has the student need satisfaction as its primary focus whereas the subject-centered environment has the transmission of a body of knowledge as the primary focus. Student-centered learning, when used properly, can change the face of education into a life-long learning process in which the student seeks solutions to problems. 4 自主择课对学生之间差异的弥补 段落大意:学生之间学习能力,学习效率都有着很大的差异,因此应该允许不同学生选择不 同课程. The dynamics of the student population yields no two students who are exactly alike. For this reason, it seems unreasonable to use one form of instructional materials, curriculum delivery, and assessment standards for all students. Educators realize that students learn at different rates and through different avenues. Individualized instruction approaches attempt to make the learning experience suitable for each student in terms of his or her learning needs, interests, and developmental level. Individualized instruction programs focus on objectives that are personal for each child. The child is an active partner in decision-making in terms of activities, subject matter, and assessment. Because students learn at different rates, individualized instruction is flexible in instructional pacing and the scheduling of class material. Individual instruction should be varied for each student in order to provide a variety of learning modalities best suited for the student. Teachers must be dedicated to curriculum planning and instructional decision-making, and encourage students to be responsible for their learning and take an active role in the learning process. 075 Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other universities require students to specialize in one subject. Which is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 有些学校要求学生学习很多专业?还有些学校只要求学生集中在某一具体的学科上. 哪个 更好? 一 集中在具体学科 1 技术的发展使得人们不能掌握全部知识 段落大意:技术的发展更新,使得人们不能像从前一样掌握各种知识和技能,因此学校的任 务是培养出一个方向的专才. University is a place for student to further their education and knowledge. Because of the technology advance, no one can handle each and every aspect of the subject. Hundreds years ago, There are lots of brilliant people who can be mathematician, socialist, artist and physicist at the same time. Now we can only find people who specialize in a typical area. It is not because people are not as smart as before but as each subject is more complicate and deeper than ever before. If one wants to be expert, he must dedicate all his time and effort in one area instead of many areas. 二 学习多学科 1 多选择有助于人们最终正确选择 段落大意: 很少有人非常清楚自己的真实爱好和选择, 多学科可以帮助他们找到自己的专长. Unfortunately few people know well what exactly they are born to do. That is why taking classes in many subjects would help students to make his or her mind in order to realize his or her vocational opportunities. Moreover, taking classes in many subjects helps one to increase his knowledge, broaden horizon and to achieve new levels. 2 交叉学科的出现 段落大意:各种学科互相交叉,学生们应该多学习各种学科,以更好的理解其他学科 University is a place for knowledge. Sometimes, knowledge cannot be easily classified into a single category. Take Statistics as an example. It requires both logical thinking techniques and good mathematics foundation for making the study more efficient. What's more, by studying other subjects, students may be able to realize his/her real strength and interest. 097 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how much their students learn. Give specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 老师的工资应该根据学生所学多少来支付,同意与否? 1 学生所学对老师工资影响的不公平性 段落大意:老师的薪水不应该和学生的学习表现成正比. It would be deeply unfair that the teacher salaries were to be proportional to the students' academic performances. 2 根据学生学习结果来定老师工资的不确定性 段落大意:有很多事情不再老师掌控范围之内,学生的成绩也不能被老师控制.因此这个标 准不合理. Within all the understanding process there are variables out of the teacher's control. For instance, the teachers can do a very good class, in the sense, that he shows a deep knowledge of his subject and has an amusing way to explain, to talk, etc…. But, although that, if you don't have a responsible student, a student who wants to learn, a student who is open to learn, who has an open mind, you will obtain a poor result. Others supportive factors which stand for the impossibility to relate how much the student learn with the paid of the teacher, such as are they maturity students, what is the number of students in the class, the level of the primary education that they have had, etc. 129 A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in agriculture (farming). Which of these two kinds of research centers do you recommend for your country? Use specific reasons in your recommendation. 一所大学计划在你的国内建一个新的研究中心.有人希望建立商业研究中心,有人希望建 立农业研究中心,你推荐哪种? 1 商业中心对经济发展的影响 段落大意:商业中心研究各种商业状况,可以帮助本国经济的发展,例如进出口的扩大. Commercial services are established all around the world and it mainly offers comprehensive, customized solutions to your international trade challenges and provides export promotion assistance through a variety of products and services. For example commercial services in China, promote export of China goods and services to strengthen the China economy. They also assist Chiniese firms in realizing their export potential by providing counseling, overseas market information, international contacts, and trade promotion vehicles. 2 农业是人类基础生存的保障 段落大意: 农业是人类生存和社会发展的基础. 然而目前的粮食短缺问题, 引起人们的思考. 建立农业研究中心或许对这些问题有帮助. Agriculture has been a fundamental component of human societies for centuries. As we enter the 21st century, agriculture receives more attention from the general public as the implications of farming are realized and the problem of potential world wide food shortage is addressed. Meanwhile, agriculture has turned into a high profit business and biotech companies like Monsanto are constantly trying to come up with better and more efficient ways of farming. 3 农业退步的现象严重 段落大意:全球农业退化,粮食产量减少,粮价高涨的现象严重. The number of farms continues to decrease in America. The Census Bureau counted a little more than two million farms in two thousand four. About half of those farms had less than forty hectares. Still, farm earnings have risen to record levels in recent years. Agricultural productivity continues to increase because of new technology and methods. But the Agriculture Department estimates that nine percent of farm income last year came from government payments. That number is expected to decrease in the future. 123 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should read only those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts. Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion. 你是否同意人们只应该阅读那些反映真实的事件,真实的人物和事实的书? 1 科幻小说能带给人们快乐 段落大意:科幻小说的趣味性,说理性,奇妙性,都会吸引人们的注意. Those books, say fictions, can bring us much fun. We are lucky enough to have so many kinds of fictions which can meet the standards of people at every age. In Canada, people, no matter old or young, reading a fiction while traveling and resting can be seen everywhere. As to me, mysterious fictions are most attractive. People are ever absorbed in reading a novel so much that they can hardly do any other things. Those fiction books can also afford people some truth and ethics in our life. For example, when we were children, we read stories of lovely animals and learned principles of life as well. As a whole, whichever fiction book betrays some value like love, morality, hatred and others which are derived from real life. 2 各种类型的书籍对于教育的作用体现 段落大意:科普书籍,科幻小说,童话等各种各样的书籍,都能够交给人们很多东西. For hundreds of years, books have always played an extremely important role in people's life. There are many kinds of books: from science books, fiction and non-fiction, novels to children's books, all of which help us further improve our overall knowledge and raise our awareness about the values of our life. 3 各种类型的书籍的不同特征 段落大意:科普书籍告诉人们这个世界的基本原理;小说告诉人们生活,文化百态;童话则 对孩子们的成长很重要. While scientific books let us be known more about the world around us and about basic scientific subjects such as math, physics, chemistry, biology. Novels will help us understand much more deeply and universally about all kinds of people around us. They also provide us valuable information about different cultures and civilizations in the world. By enjoying those novels, our cultural and spiritual life will be abundant and fruitful. To many children, our next generation, fairy tale and legend stories are very important. With happy-endings as the good always defeat the bad and humane values are highly emphasized, those kinds of books actually help the children to build and define good behavior and moral manner at their early age. 168 Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. 为什么许多学生去国外学习? 1 出国学习可以打破学习常态 段落大意:去国外学习可以打破枯燥学习的状态. College life is full of exciting and challenging opportunities. One of the most anticipated programs for incoming freshmen is studying abroad for a summer, a semester, or an entire year. This is a way to meet new people, experience new places, and break away from the daily routine of college living. Some of the exotic destinations for study include Australia, Italy, the British Isles, France, and Germany. The University of Dayton encourages all students to consider what the study abroad program has to offer. 2 出国学习为学生提供更多机会 段落大意:国外学习经历会给人很多机会,例如欣赏风光,改变生活的机会等. The program offers a wide variety of opportunities to each individual. Students will not only take courses while they are in a foreign country, but they will also have the opportunity to travel in the beautiful country. Students will also have plenty of time to experience and explore the big cities that their country offers. Some students may even encounter experiences that will change their lives while studying abroad. 3 出国学习为了深造,获得更高的学位 段落大意:在国外也可以继续深造,拿到高学位,也会交给学生们更多的技能. Studying abroad is a chance to have the further high quality education, and absorb new and advanced knowledge. This will help them to have advantages for the competition in job markets. They can gain excellent English communication skills. This will be much beneficial for their future. Studying abroad helps them enrich the life experience of the students and broaden their vision to view the world. 172 When students move to a new school, they sometimes face problems. How can schools help these students with their problems? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 当学生到新学校时他们面临各种问题,学校如何帮助他们? 1 学校应该帮助学生了解并完成注册 段落大意:帮助学生了解课程,完成注册. Registering for college courses ---Knowing which courses to take, and what order to take them in. 2 学校应该为学生提供技术帮助 段落大意: 为了让学生跟上不断更新进步的技术,学校应该提供技术信息的支持. In today's world of technology, computers have become part of everyday life. In the business environment computer system has to be in place for the business to even think of competing in the world marketplace, with this in mind colleges and universities have to prepare their students for the dynamic technology that lies ahead of them. 3 学校应该为学生提供资金帮助 段落大意:学校应该为学生提供尽可能的资金支持. Financial aid is money in the form of loans, grants and employment that is available to a student to help pay the cost of attending. Financial aid comes from the federal government, which is the largest provider of aid, as well as state government, the school and a variety of other public and private sources. If you think your educational expenses are more than you and your family can afford, you should apply for financial aid using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). You will need to apply for financial aid every year by completing a FAFSA. The FAFSA includes all the information necessary to determine your eligibility and must be completed if you want to be considered for any of the federal programs sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education. 061 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 15-18 岁的小孩的重要事件应该有其父母或成年亲戚决定.同意与否? 1 家长在孩子生活上的作用 段落大意:家长应该参与孩子的成长,在生活上给与他们足够的帮助. Parents need to be involved in the child's education and give them daily support in the home environment. Children need to feel recognized for their hard work so that they can feel good about themselves. It is imperative that the child sees that he is of importance to the parent because this would help them psychologically as they are growing up. I think that as a parent they need to inculcate a desire for education in and outside of the home environment. It is essential for the parents to participate as much as they can with their child's schoolwork and if possible with the classroom. 2 家长建议对孩子们成长的帮助和影响 段落大意:家长建议对孩子们成长的帮助和影响. Good advice is something that could be hard to come-by but once found can help a person in the long run. Good advice is usually taken from someone who is an expert, someone that the advisee respects (parent, elder, teacher, coach), or a friend. Advice can be used at any time. Any time you are stuck, or just in a situation in which you need help, or just advice to do a certain task, or to help you out in a situation. 126 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. 你是否同意年轻人没有东西可以教年长的人? 1 年轻人宝贵的创新精神 段落大意:创意精神十足的年轻人可以交给其他人创新的重要性. Nowadays creativity and innovation are becoming extremely important to the success of all business organizations because they are facing major and rapid changes in the environment. To cope effectively with the change, organizations must become more innovative, developing the ability to quickly plan and implement adoptions to change their environments. There is a direct link between creativity and important organizational outcomes such as productivity and quality; because creative thinking increases the quality of solutions to organizational problems, helps to stimulate profitable innovations, revitalizes motivation, upgrades personal skills and catalyzes effective team performance. Therefore organizations must motivate creative thinking because it is obvious that the success of businesses in the rapidly changing future will be determined by their ability to become more creative. 2 年轻人熟悉的新的科技 段落大意:例如年轻人可以教给长辈们关于电脑的技术. There is hardly anybody around who can say their lives haven't been influenced by computers. Computers have all but taken over society as we know it. Everywhere you look, computers have greatly improved our lives. It can be as simple as going through a carwash; a computer processes the information that we feed it and adjusts the machine accordingly to give us the particular wash we paid for. Computers also play an extremely complicated role in one of the things that everybody uses in their everyday lives, such as our cars. 175 Some students like classes where teachers lecture (do all of the talking) in class. Other students prefer classes where the students do some of the talking. Which type of class do you prefer? Give specific reasons and details to support your choice. 有些学生喜欢老师讲课. 另有些人喜欢学生讲一些. 你喜欢哪一种? 1 老师的帮助监督对孩子学习的好处 段落大意:有老师的帮助,学习会更加容易和有效.老师的监督和帮助,会帮助到孩子的学 习. Having a teacher always makes the learning easy and efficient. When you make a mistake, the teacher can immediately point it out so that you won't do the same thing again later. This is obvious while you are learning a language. You will never know if you have any mistakes in your pronunciation if there weren't a teacher beside you, teaching you to pronounce in the correct way. Since the teacher is keeping on track of your studying, he or she will know what your weaknesses are, and thus finding a way to help you out. The teacher might tell you his/her own experience, how he or she becomes successful in the subject you are studying, or even the mistakes he/she has made, telling you not to make the same mistake again. 2 老师指导和建议,对孩子们学习的作用 段落大意:老师在学生学习过程中可以提供各种指导和帮助建议,对学生的学习很有帮助. Primarily teachers are there for guidance in a particular field or subject. They give you a systematic and better way to approach a subject. A teacher normally teaches a subject in which he or she has expertise in. Hence that person has made a study of the subject and can guide you in order to help you approach the subject in a better way. This guidance may be in the form of giving you names of reference books or giving you notes. Without a teacher it would be extremely cumbersome to go through large libraries for a certain topic. Besides this the teacher could provide you help with any sort of problem that you come across while studying. The teacher could provide you strategies that help you solve a problem. Without a teacher, this problem would take up a lot of your valuable time or remain unsolved. Teachers can also point out when you are going wrong. They point out our mistakes and suggest ways for us to correct them. 3 现代科技使得学生有自学的可行性 段落大意:学生可以借助现代科技的帮助,自己学习. Some people think that they can learn better with the help of books and computers. Certainly, modern technology has made our lives easier in every aspect. Today, computers have almost eliminated the need of most paperback books. Students can get the study materials over the Internet now. But in my opinion, no matter how advance the technologies may become, the need of a good teacher can't ever be over-stated. 163 Is the ability to read and write more important today than in the past? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 读写能力是否比以前更重要?为什么是或非? 1 读写对于社会性培养的重要意义 段落大意:读写能力对孩子的成长和发展很有好处,有利于孩子在社会的成功. In any literate society, people constantly see the best way to teach children how to read and write so that the younger generation can become fully functioning members of that society." This is obviously an important goal of any society that wants their children to be well educated and succeed in the world. Learning to be literate is a very important developmental milestone that is recognized cross-culturally. Its social importance is shown in the fact that in school; literacy makes up 2/3 of the three "R's". 2 读写能力给孩子提供很多学习机会 段落大意:读写能力是学生在学校融入环境的保障,也为学生提供多种学习机会. When becoming literate the most important thing a child can learn is that they can in fact learn in the way their school wants them to. "The bond between the teacher and the taught is strengthened; exploration, discovery, ambition and achievement expand and flourish." Reading and writing opens up a new world of opportunities for children and therefore continuous research being done in order to ensure that the best methods of teaching our children are implemented. However studies show that a large portion of this milestone occurs before formal education begun. 020 It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay. 小孩在农村比在大城市成长好.同意与否? 同 小城镇和大城市生活问题 1 家庭环境对教育的影响 段落大意:家庭经济条件对孩子的教育和成功有着重要的意义. Children from middle-class families generally are more successful in public schools than children from low-income families. Is the school system responsible for this problem, or is lower performance among low-income children a result of their home environment? The home environment has a big role in a child's education. 2 农村生活的好处 段落大意:农村生活污染少,教学质量有保障,交通相对便利,对孩子的成长有好处. One major issue affecting many people trying to make the decision on where to live is their quality of life in either extreme. Health, education, transportation are three major concerns that many consider. In a city, pollution could possibly cause health problems later in life. In the country, pollution is scarce---Fresh air, rolling green hills. In the country, childhood education is significantly better than in a large city; smaller class sizes and larger budgets create excellent learning environments. Transportation is very accessible in country environments. Public transportations, by way of subways, busses and ferries, are cheap and easy ways of getting around counties. 004 It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? 不是所有的东西能从书本中学来. 比较经验知识和书本知识. 哪个更重要. 1 社会经验能够使得孩子更加容易理解知识 段落大意:孩子们能从社会经验中得到很多宝贵的东西;知识在实践中可以更加深入理解. Teenager students can learn things not only from the school but also from the society by working. Knowledge can be reinforced through the true life; they will know more real cases than those only described in the text book. By participating in real life, teenager students can verify what exactly the book tells them. Also, teenager students can be more independent by earning some money paying for their study. 2 书本提供了很多经验 段落大意:书本在知识超越我们的经验时候起了重要作用. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. 091 Every generation of people is different in important ways. How is your generation different from your parents' generation? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 每代人在重要的方面都不同,你这一辈和父辈的不同是什么? 1 现代教育资源的增加 段落大意:科技教学已经是很重要的教学方式,为教育带来很多好处. Modern technology has made it so much easier to obtain educational information for classroom or homework assignments. It offers educational games that stimulate the brain and help children who have difficulties focusing on traditional teaching and learning procedures. College students are even taking advantage of online courses that many colleges are offering as an alternative to physically attending classes. Advances in technology and computers will continue to play an important role in education for many generations to come. 2 更好的福利水平是现代的标志 段落大意:更好的福利水平为我们提供了保障. The Welfare State is a system set up in Britain that takes care of its citizens "from the cradle to the grave." From the day they are born in the hospital to the day they are buried and given a funeral service. This includes responsibilities such as health, education, provision of services and benefits, which ensure that people are looked after and taken care of. In Britain, the Welfare State was set up as a safety net to protect the most vulnerable members of society (widows, pensioners, children etc) and to guarantee them a satisfactory level of income, health care, education and housing. 3 现代技术的发展是时代的进步 段落大意:技术进步使得我们的生活更加方便. Everyday life has had so many recent advancements. All the time new inventions are becoming available to the public. These inventions will help make the country be great and raise above all the others. Many of these new inventions are helping to make our country better because they make some things available in the homes that never were before. 142 A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child's development. What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice. 一个礼品比如照相机,足球,或动物可以对小孩的成长有帮助, 你愿意给小孩什么礼物帮 助一个孩子成长? 1 电脑对于生活的作用 段落大意:电脑使得人们的生活更加多姿多彩. In today's electronic era computers have a hand in almost everything. Entertainment is no exception, in fact with the coming of digital information has made one of its greatest leaps. 2 电脑对于孩子们学习,生活的用处 段落大意:电脑对于孩子们来说是有用的工具.孩子们能够利用电脑来学习,娱乐,生活. Is the Computer important in the world? I am sure it is significant for the youths. Nowadays, most of the youths have owned their computer in the house. Computer is useful for finding the information. They can seek the information directly on the Internet. 017 Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay. 自学和由老师教,哪个好? 一 老师教的好处 1 依靠老师教学能够提高效率 段落大意:学生们在学习过程中会遇到很多问题,有老师的帮助可以提高学习效率. Having a teacher always makes the learning easy and efficient. When you make a mistake, the teacher can immediately point it out so that you won't do the same thing again later. This is obvious while you are learning a language. You will never know if you have any mistakes in your pronunciation if there weren't a teacher beside you, teaching you to pronounce in the correct way. Since the teacher is keeping on track of your studying, he or she will know what your weaknesses are, and thus finding a way to help you out. The teacher might tell you his/her own experience, how he or she becomes successful in the subject you are studying, or even the mistakes he/she has made, telling you not to make the same mistake again. 2 老师的帮助会帮助孩子更好学习 段落大意:老师会为学生提供多种学习的信息和帮助,帮助学生更好的学习. Primarily teachers are there for guidance in a particular field or subject. They give you a systematic and better way to approach a subject. A teacher normally teaches a subject in which he or she has expertise in. Hence that person has made a study of the subject and can guide you in order to help you approach the subject in a better way. This guidance may be in the form of giving you names of reference books or giving you notes. Without a teacher it would be extremely cumbersome to go through large libraries for a certain topic. Besides this the teacher could provide you help with any sort of problem that you come across while studying. The teacher could provide you strategies that help you solve a problem. Without a teacher, this problem would take up a lot of your valuable time or remain unsolved. Teachers can also point out when you are going wrong. They point out our mistakes and suggest ways for us to correct them. 3 老师的答疑和解惑作用有利于教学 段落大意:学生在学习过程中会遇见很多问题,老师会给与答疑解惑的帮助. Whenever we are reading a new topic or new subject, questions regarding that topic start to appear in our minds. We need someone to answer them all and tell us more about them. At those moments, we actually need a concerned teacher who can help us by answering those questions based upon his own experiences. In fact, a teacher can be a person who knows things better than us. For example, in my opinion parents are the best teachers throughout our lives. They teach us from taking the first steps to good manners, learning lessons from life to the accumulation of knowledge. No one can deny their importance in building our characters. 二 学生自学 1 电脑的帮助使得孩子们可以自主学习 段落大意:信息时代,电脑和互联网的进步使得学习对于学生们来说更加方便. With the advent of the computer age, nowadays students can just go online to "search through keywords" information which would take days or even months to get years before. Not only can they get such information faster but also learn it more quickly. A number of teachers are now disseminating knowledge using internet as their medium. Not only do sites provide visitors knowledge but also give them fundamentals for a better understanding of a topic which might have been misunderstood in the classroom. 108 Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference. 对生活的学习是通过家人还有朋友的建议好,还是亲身经历好? 一 通过他人建议 1 朋友和家人的经验的重要意义 段落大意:从家人和朋友那里能学习到他们的经验,因此人们可以少走弯路. Learning from our family and friends by listening to their advice can help us draw knowledge from their experiences. A girl born out of wedlock would likely be heavily counseled by her mother to be careful about having relationships with men and to avoid engaging in pre-marital sex. Eventually that girl would likely be more careful about avoiding pregnancy while she is still unmarried as compared to other unmarried girls among her peers not counseled by their mothers. The advice of this girl's mother could help her avoid committing the same mistake thus saving her from the hardships of single parenthood. 2 家人朋友的经验是出于对我们的保护 段落大意:家人朋友的忠告为了保护我们,他们的经验和精力值得我们学习. People believe that their family and friends will help keep them from harm. Giving advice is one way offering protection. Older relatives can share the wisdom they have gained from their lives. A single person cannot learn as much by learning everything from his own experiences compared to learning by listening to the knowledge and experiences of many relatives and friends. A person will not only avoid making the same mistakes but he will be able to know more than he could do because there are more people teaching him. 二 自己学习 1 自我实践,亲身经历的价值 段落大意:通过自己的学习,经验能够更加丰富和深入. Learning by our own experiences makes the lessons more profound to us. We might not trust or believe the advice of others but we would believe in something if we have seen or felt ourselves. We are also more likely to remember a particular lesson if we learned it through experience. A man who is cautioned not to drive drunk by his father may still do so. However if he gets injured from an accident caused by drunk driving, he will probably treat lesson of keeping sober behind the wheel more seriously. 2 个人经验也许只适合个人 段落大意:来自于家人和朋友的建议不一定就适合我们自己,他们的经验也许只适合他们, 因此亲身经历和实践才会有更深的体会. Learning through our own experiences and suffering the consequences make us understand the lessons better because we have truly experienced their importance. That the way our family and friends see things may not apply to us. An uncle of mine might advice me against rock climbing because of the dangers, but for me the entire experience of reaching the top might be worth the risk. If I take that uncle's experience I might miss out on a personal adventure. I believe that life is the best school and that we have to learn our lessons from our own experiences. 133 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 你是否同意以个人的童年时光是一生中最重要的 1 童年对性格培养的重要作用 段落大意:童年是人们社会性,感情,语言,和体格成长的开端. The philosophy of childhood is that young children develop socially, emotionally, cognitively, linguistically and physically, each at their own, unique pace. They learn through hands-on, sensory-oriented exploration and discovery, and also constructing meaning through interaction with their environments. 2 童年是美妙而有魅力的 段落大意:童年的种种意境,带给人们美妙的感受和回忆 Childhood is also a charming mystery. It is like a paper plane flying in the sky. It is like the lonely boat sailing in the sea, though they do not know where they should go, pleasant surprises await them here and there on the way. Compared with the rigid routine life of adults, childhood was full of magic, full of fantasy. I had the great curiosity about all the things around us children, which has been worn gradually by the adult society. Childhood offered me infinite room of imagination. It is like a piece of white paper which I can put any color on to paint my own beautiful picture. This picture is the most wonderful one I can ever imagine because the childhood is full of mystery. 3 童年对于人们的一生都是宝贵的 段落大意:童年是人们宝贵的时间段,在这段时间内,人们开始学习,为以后更好发展打下 基础. Childhood is a valuable gift too. The gift brought me the ability to walk on the street, to speak with others. The gift endowed me with the initial knowledge about the world. It was in childhood when I was fascinated by the story of a falling apple and Newton's discovery of gravitation. At that time, I made my decision to devote myself to studying science well, so now I can write this composition in Fudan University. 102 Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 你是否同意,学校应让学生评估他们的老师 1 双重标准对学生有很大好处 段落大意:学生对老师的评价可以让老师更有针对性地进行教学,学生反之可以因此得益. Students would have great benefit from such a survey. If students are not satisfied with a teacher, they would be offered a chance to express their opinions. By expressing their opinions, students can make teachers prepare better for their lectures or explain the content more clearly with more enthusiasm. Therefore, students would be able to understand the lectures better and consequently to get higher grades. Furthermore, the students would be motivated to pay more attention during classes and to listen to lectures more regularly. 2 对老师的刺激,可以鼓励他们 段落大意:通过奖罚制度刺激老师,可以提高教学. Good teachers should be rewarded financially or otherwise. Teachers who receives low grade from his students should be sanctioned, for example by lowering his salary. In extreme cases, he should be fired. This way he would be forced to improve his teaching skills in order to keep his job or raise his salary. Therefore, he would become a more competent teacher and better educator. This would improve the overall quality of education in the school. 3 双向标准对教学双方的好处 段落大意:评价一方面刺激老师积极备课,教学,另一方面对于学生也是激励. Evaluation is the measure of effectiveness. Evaluation of teachers and students as well, is very important for the effectiveness in teaching and understanding. Evaluation of teachers by the students can improve the learning atmosphere, can bring new ideas for teaching and will help in knowing the understanding level of the class as a whole. 4 学生反馈对校方的好处 段落大意:对校方来讲,学生的反馈能够对学校的教学规划带来好处. Through the evaluation, the school will know the type of the teacher students require. This will help in strengthening the institute by knowing and improving the weak areas while in teaching. This will certainly help in bringing new ideas and practical approach in teaching. As it is well said that the good and bright students reflect the good teachers, similarly, good teachers also reflect best students. Thus, evaluation will measure the quality of the education. And the quality education is the indication of the dedicated and the appropriate teacher for the students. 166 People recognize a difference between children and adults. What events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 人们意识到儿童与成人的区别,哪些事情可以使一个长大? Some books or movies we enjoyed may enlighten us in our life which can instantly give us some valuable experience and knowledge. 1 进入大学是人生标志 段落大意:进入大学学习是很多人成长的开端. We may look into every possible event; however, the foremost should be the entrance to college. From the first day on campus, we have to do lots of things all by ourselves, such as washing clothes, cleaning dorms and buying things. A child would never worry about these things when he or she has parents around them. We also learn how to protect ourselves and how to get well with others. We keep alert to judge whether our behaviors are right or wrong and distinguish which is good or bad for us. When we meet difficulties, we can overcome them by our own efforts instead of asking for help from parents. 2 爱的经历是成长动力 段落大意:爱是教会人们成长的因素. What is love? Love has many definitions, which varies from one person to another. One may never know what true love is until it has been experienced. Love is the most amazing, affectionate feeling that can be experienced. According to the Encarta Encyclopedia, love is an emotion that is "explored in philosophy, religion, and literature, often as either romantic love, the fraternal love of others, or the love of God." Love can teach people how to admire, how to care others and the most important, how to dedicate. 112 Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why? 小孩应该在很小时候接受正规教育并花费大量时间在学校学习上, 还是应该玩耍? 1 小孩玩耍的好处 段落大意:小孩子玩耍可以激发他们的想象力,这对后来的成长很重要 It is important to establish a definition of play and the importance of play in the development of the child. The importance of play should always be remembered when devising programs for children. Through imaginative play, children practice and come to terms with aspects of daily life. Children can also be encouraged to express themselves and learn about emotions through play. Play is a vital part of the growth and development process for children. 2 玩耍对于能力的培养 段落大意:小孩子在玩耍的过程中会培养他们多方的能力. When children play, they do things that they enjoy, often together or with toys." Play is one of the most powerful vehicles children have for trying out and mastering new social skills, concepts and experiences. Psychologists, such as Faulkner, present evidence that plays are seen as a means of developing social skills and interpersonal relationships with others. 3 玩耍对于想象力的培养 段落大意: 研究证明小孩子在玩耍过程中会培养他们的想象力和创造力, 这对今后的成长很 关键. The majority of research done by Cognitive Psychologists dealing with human cognition has revealed it to be related to the human imagination. As evident by the fact that many psychologist view the process of thinking as the forming of mental representations and through the manipulation of these imaginative images we come to form thoughts. Thus, the imaginative skills a child learns during play are vital for that child's successful development into a well adapted and functional adult. Through the simply act of play a child's ability to create mental icons is stimulated because a child's activity during play is mainly imaginary. In this imaginary world children learn to deal with reality and for this reason a child's play-time activities have a great bearing on their social, emotional, behavioral, and overall cognitive development. 第二大类 技术与进步类 070 Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 有些人认为汽车改进了生活,另外有些人认为汽车产生了严重的问题.你的观点如何? 一 汽车造成的问题 1 汽车是主要的空气污染源 段落大意:汽车尾气是空气的重要污染源,会加剧温室效应,降低空气质量. Automobiles are the leading cause to America's air pollution problem. Cars release toxic emissions that damage our environment, hurting our environment by adding to the greenhouse effect, damaging air quality, and decreasing the ozone, not to mention the growing smog problems, disasters done with landfill and the effects done to our water supply, which all are connected with the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, and air quality. 2 温室气体的排放增加温室效应 段落大意:汽车尾气会加剧温室效应,造成气温上升,生物死亡等后果. Cars damage our environment by the emissions released from the combustion system of an automobile. Toxic gases weaken the atmosphere allowing for more infrared rays to enter. Having more infrared rays reflected on the Earth warms the Earth, raising the temperature, causing certain vegetation life to die off, the snow caps to melt. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are two greenhouse gases that damage our Earth's atmosphere. Reducing the amount of these greenhouse gases will greatly help controlling these effects. 3 汽车尾气对于人体有健康隐患 段落大意:汽车尾气所含危害人体健康成分,会对人体健康造成很大伤害. Cars release 30 percent of the carbon dioxide in the earth's air. Carbon dioxide is released from the tailpipe of a car and can do much damage to the human respiratory system. Every time an automobile burns a gallon of gasoline it releases 22 pounds of carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide is also a damaging greenhouse gas. Cars account for 76 percent of the carbon monoxide in the earth's air. 二 汽车的益处 1 汽车给出行带来便利 段落大意:汽车为人们的交通出行提供了便利条件. Transportation plays a very important role in America. The automobile is the main form of transportation in America, connecting people from point 'A' to point 'B'. America is covered with roads that transport cars and people could across such areas from the islands of the Florida Key's to under the mountains of the Colorado Rockies. Cars offer fast reliable transportation, offering drivers access to anywhere with roads. 2 政府应该鼓励公共交通发展 段落大意:政府应该鼓励公共交通事业的发展. Cars might be seen as a fast and free way to travel, but at whose expense. There are solutions to fix this problem, Americans can support mass transit, electric sources of transportation, or choose other forms of transportation that do not harm the environment. One day in the future we will laugh at how we would stand around and admire the deep hum of a car's tailpipe. Not caring about how the emissions released damaged our lungs, and environment. Massive change must be addressed, reducing the amount of driving time around America. This would benefit every citizen and generations to come. The creation of the automobile has dug America a deep hole. This hole can not be filled in or hidden up. This hole can and will endanger human's life in the near future. However America can choose to stop digging this hole, we can choose to select alternatives. In hope that Mother Nature can one day replenish its goodness to the way it was meant to be 178 The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring? Use examples and details in your answer. 有些人认为计算机使生活更加容易方便,另外有些人认为计算机使生活更加复杂和紧张. 你的观点如何? 084 Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 有些人认为互连网给人们提供另外很多有价值的信息,另外有些人认为太多的信息产生问 题.你的观点如何? 一 网络的益处 1 网络队与人们生活的便利 段落大意:网络会给人们带来很多信息,帮助人们缓解无聊情绪,帮助宣传,总体上给人们 生活带来便利. Overall the internet is a fast way to obtain information from a lot of different sources. It's a good time killer if you are bored as it has billions and billions of different websites to explore. The internet is also a good way of advertising and selling and equally purchasing items. Although there are many drawbacks, the internet has more advantages than disadvantages. 2 网络的普及现状 段落大意:网络在本世纪迅速普及.人们利用电脑和网络可以做很多事情,例如写邮件,浏 览信息等. In 21st century, the Internet has become very popular around the world. Since technology has improved, many people can use the Internet at home. From the Internet, people can write or receive emails, get information from around the world, or chat with friends or other people in different countries in instant messages with clear voices and images that shorten the distance from person to person. Also, there is no time limit. One can use the Internet whenever one wants. In addition, it is very inexpensive, so it is a very convenient type of media. However, some companies or people set up a lot of traps through websites, emails, or instant messaging to advertise their erotic business or to commit crimes, so we have to be careful. 3 网络能够提供信息和娱乐资源 段落大意:人们利用网络获取各种各样的信息,进行游戏. People use the internet to gather information for all sorts of things. This could be information regarding school work which is a popular category or it could be simple things like reading about a film review. They used the internet prior to interview and used it for e-mailing. People also make use of the internet by gathering information about travel and accommodation and to order or cancel tickets for various events. The internet is also widely used for the huge range of games that it offers and downloading a range of things like software and sometimes music, which can be illegal. 二 网络信息的弊端 1 网络信息过度公开的弊端 段落大意:网络信息过度公开,面对着对私人信息保密责任的挑战. The Internet is the world's largest international computer network. It allows users to access substantial amounts of information held at various locations all over the world, and it has challenged the organization of obligations and the responsibilities with respect to the processing of personal data. 2 网络道德缺失的现状 段落大意:网络虽然在商业,教育等领域起着重要作用,但是网络的道德体系存在问题. No one denies that the Internet is the most useful tool for research, business, and education, yet the Internet is the subject of a topic that is as controversial as the legalities of abortion or homosexual rights. Many racy, illegal, and controversial materials are available on the Internet such as pornography and pirated software; on the other hand, many educational tools are on-line as well. This brings a need for a case of ethics in the Internet realm. 3 个人自由的质疑 段落大意:在网络上个人表达的自由,受到严重质疑. The Internet is a carrier of a vast array of information. It provides people all over the world with the opportunity to publish their thoughts, opinions, and virtually any type of information. At the same time, it allows information to be accessed by anyone with a computer worldwide. This has caused ongoing debate regarding the freedom of expression. 4 网络的社会危害 段落大意:网络上很多信息会对社会造成损害. There is a large amount of information on the Internet that is harmful and found to be socially unacceptable. This type of harmful information can lead to criminal activity, thus becoming a threat to our society. For example, the instructions on how to build a bomb are readily available on the Internet. Some people who view this may be influenced to build the bomb. This could lead to the terrorism. 088 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and email have made communication between people less personal. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 电话和 E-MAIL 是人们之间的交流变的更加没有人情味,同意与否? 1 电话为人们生活带来好处 段落大意:电话的发明是很伟大的事情. The modern telephone is the result of work done by many people, all worthy of recognition of their contributions to the field. Alexander Graham Bell was the first to patent the telephone, an "apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically" after experimenting with many primitive sound transmitters and receivers. However, the history of the invention of the telephone is a confusing mass of claims and counterclaims, further worsened by lawsuits which attempted to resolve the patent claims of several individuals. 2 电话的出现极大的改善了人们的沟通情况. Three, maybe four times in recent history, a new technology has been introduced that has fundamentally transformed human society by changing the way people communicate with each other. For the most part, the moment in which these new technologies came into being are preserved with a kind of clarity and drama that is both thrilling and unforgettable. 3 电子邮件普及的现状 段落大意:电子邮件在人们之间广泛普及,人们利用电子邮件交流,便利,快捷. E-mail is short for electronic mail. E-mail is not only for fun but plays a large part in effective communication between major businesses. Almost everybody connected on the internet has an e-mail account. E-mail is not only a useful way to send text messages to other computers almost instantaneously, but you can add attachments. 4 电子邮件的出现前所未有的改变了人们的交流方式. "A surprising aspect of the message service is the unplanned, unanticipated, and unsupported nature of its birth and early growth," reads a report on e-mail written for ARPA in 1976. "It just happened, and its early history has seemed more like the discovery of a natural phenomenon than the deliberate development of a new technology." One reason that it was adopted so quickly was that it perfectly suited the communications needs and style of the engineers who built the electronic way of communication. 5 电子邮件飞速的普及是时代的一大特征. We in the ARPA community (and no doubt many others outside it) have come to realize that we have in our hands something very big, and possibly very important. It is now plain to all of us that message service over computer networks has enormous potential for changing the way communication is done in all sectors of our society. In 1996, for the first time, more electronic mail was sent than postal mail in the U.S. Almost from its creation, email has been the most widely used internet application, and in that respect can claim to be the most important. These same capabilities also underlie the technology of mailing lists. 036 Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people's lives. * Automobiles * bicycles * airplanes Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 选择汽车,自行车,和飞机中的一种交通工具解释为什么你认为它改变了人们的生活. 1 汽车的重要意义 段落大意:车对人有很重要的象征作用和实际作用.成年人为拥有汽车而骄傲 One of the most important steps in becoming an adult is your first car. When you have a car, you don't need to rely on other people for rides to where you want to go. The automobile has become a very important part of today's society. It is a necessity to own or to access to a car in order to keep up with all of the competition of the business world, and also one's social demands. 2 汽车对社会的影响 段落大意:汽车工业对社会发展有着长远的影响.汽车工业影响着人们的生活,文化,经济 发展. The automobile has changed the lives, culture, and economy of the people and nations that manufacture and demand them. Ever since the late 1800s when the first "modern" car was invented by Benz and Daimler in Germany, the industry has grown into a billion dollar industry affecting so many aspects of our lives. There are more than 400 million passenger cars alone on the roads today. 3 飞机的发明历史 段落大意:Orville Wright 和Wilbur Wright发明了历史上第一架飞机. Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) requested a patent application for a "flying machine" nine months before their successful flight in December 1903, which Orville Wright recorded in his diary. As part of the Wright Brothers' systematic practice of photographing every prototype and test of their various flying machines, they had persuaded an attendant from a nearby lifesaving station to snap Orville Wright in full flight. The craft soared to an altitude of 10 feet, traveled 120 feet, and landed 12 seconds after takeoff. After making two longer flights that day, Orville and Wilbur Wright sent this telegram to their father, instructing him to "inform press." 4飞机的好处 段落大意:飞机给人们的出行等方面带来极大的便利和好处. Generally the whole world has enjoyed the benefits of the aircraft, which has increased the overall efficiency of the human race and made travelling possible and affordable for nearly all the people on this earth. Aircrafts have shrunk the size of our earth by providing the safest mode of transportation of passengers and cargo in the least possible time between two points. Aircraft have also provided us means of defending our countries and hitting back at people who attack us. Lastly, it has been put to numerous other uses - from scientific study of the natural world to warfare. 039 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 有着技术的支持,现在学生更快,更多地获得信息.同意与否? 1 电脑互联网的好处 段落大意:电脑和互联网给学生学习提供了很好的机会.大部分学生可以接触到大量信息, 和教授交流,对他们的学习很有好处. Computer and internet have changed the world of education in innumerable ways. Most students now have access to countless sources of information. They can also talk to experts in multitudes of professions. Many students now learn to type before they learn to write in cursive. 2 多媒体的教学作用 段落大意:多媒体和互联网给学生的学习带来便利.它们实现了网络教学的可能性. Some sites contain valuable tools and accessories to aid in the learning process. As well as notes and multimedia displays, they may include things like hypertext chapters. In the future, there may not even be a need for paper textbooks. The Internet has also enabled teachers to teach a class from thousands of miles away. With video conferencing, a professor in Guam can teach a class in Michigan in close to real-time. Virtually all libraries are now connected over the Internet. At Lake Superior State University you can check the catalogs of almost any library and even check out books from nearby libraries. 3 网络和电脑对于课堂的重要作用 段落大意:网络和电脑已经被带入各个课堂之中,对教师和学生都有帮助. Due to the expansion of the Internet in recent years, schools and universities around the world have been incorporating more technology into their classrooms. Computers are present on college campuses, and many teachers are including them for class activities on a daily basis. With email, a teacher can be in contact with his or her students outside the classroom to discuss class work. Computers in the classroom are extremely beneficial for students, more importantly; the use of the Internet allows students easily access to abundant information. 4 信息繁荣隐藏的弊端 段落大意:信息的繁荣带来真实性缺少保障的负面效应. With so much information available, one can never be sure as to what the credentials are of the sources from which the information is coming from. Free space for WebPages is easily available at places like Tripod and Geocities. This allows anyone to put up any kind of information that they would like to know, but makes it difficult to discern fact from fiction. Any twelve year old can create a page filled with conspiracy theories about UFOs and unsuspecting people might take it as facts. 083 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern technology is creating a single world culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 现代技术正在产生世界统一文化,同意与否? 1 科技发展使得地球村出现 段落大意:现代科技使得世界变得越来越小,地球村已经出现.新技术使得文化,交流相互 影响,趋向于统一. It is evident our world is becoming a smaller place. We now have overnight delivery of packages, email communication and the ever so popular cellular communication. Globalization and increased international business can be directly attributed to mass media and mass transit. The concept of globalization sometimes approaches this change as being one which either should or will result in a complete homogenization of culture and the formation of a unified global community. 2 科技发展使得文化趋向全球化 段落大意:全球化进程包括了文化的全球化. The term globalization has come into common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that have made it easier and quicker to complete international transactions including both trade and financial flows. It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity. Globalization can be looked at from five different aspects: economically, technologically, politically, culturally and environmentally. 3 人们联系紧密 段落大意:由于全球化进程的加快发展,人类彼此之间联系的越来越紧密. People around the world are more connected to each other than ever before. Products produced in one part of a country are available to the rest of the world. It is much easier for people to travel, communicate and do business internationally. This whole phenomenon has been called globalization. Spurred on in the past by merchants, explorers, colonialists and internationalists, globalization has in more recent times been increasing rapidly due to improvements in communications, information and transport technology. 5 科技使得全球化进程加快 段落大意:科技的发展,为文化全球化奠定基础. Technology has now created the possibility and even the likelihood of a global culture. The Internet, fax machines and satellites have swept away the old national cultural boundaries. Global entertainment companies now seem to shape the understandings and dreams of ordinary citizens, wherever they live. Globalization leads to better cultural unit. 6 全球化在政治 经济 文化表现 段落大意:全球化使得政治, 经济,文化三方面都产生统一. Globalization is the growing interdependence of the world's people that involves the integration of economies, technologies, and cultures (Bradshaw). It is described as the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that have led to the increased interconnectedness among the world. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are three major components implicated with this idea including: economics, politics, and cultures. Some associate globalization with modernization whereas, it is perceived that there is an alteration of "traditional" societies into "Western" industrial ones. This challenges us into a debate of whether or not globalization is positive or negative. 037 Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 进步总是好的,同意与否? 1 科技的进步使得很多人失业 段落大意:由于技术发展,机器已经可以替代很多人力资源,这造成了大量的失业. Another aspect in which progress has proven not to be good is in the need for human labor. The use of advanced computers has created a technological world, where manual labor is not needed as much as before. The computer as a precise machine without a need for social benefits or salary demands has replaced the need for working hands, leaving many without a job. It is no doubt that a lot of people around the world have lost not only their job but also their pride in what they do. 2 科技进步促进医学发展 段落大意:医学发展对人类有好处. Progress in the field of medicine and engineering has decreased child mortality, increased longevity and terminal diseases disappeared. This has increased the life span. 3 技术进步拉大贫富差距 段落大意:技术的进步进一步拉大贫富差距. On the other hand, industrialization has widened the gap between the rich and the poor. The rich is becoming richer and the poor is becoming poorer. The rich can avail all the facilities and enjoy them but the poor cannot afford to buy all facilities and cannot enjoy them. 087 What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 过去100年内哪种发现对你们国家的人们好处最大? 1 疫苗的发现对人类的意义 段落大意:疫苗的发明使得人们身体素质得到增强. There are many diseases infecting children, such as the polio disease, which may lead to death. Scientists found a solution to this problem, by injecting a tiny sample of the virus into the child's blood, in order to stimulate the immune system to fight the disease if the child catches it, which is known as vaccination. 2 抗生素的发现对人类的意义 段落大意:抗生素的发现,使得人们在基本消除了细菌带来的污染和疾病. Antibiotics have played a major role in our society thanks to Sir Alexander Fleming's careful observations in 1928. Without it, many lives would be in danger due to infectious diseases. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by various species of microorganisms and other living systems that are capable in small concentrations of inhibiting the growth of or killing bacteria and other microorganisms. These organisms can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or animals called protozoa. A particular group of these agents is made up of drugs called antibiotics, from the Greek word anti ("against") and bios ("life"). Some antibiotics are produced from living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and molds. Others are wholly or in part synthetic - that is, produced artificially. Penicillin is perhaps the best known antibiotic. Its discovery and later development is among mankind's greatest achievements. Antibiotics have enabled the medical profession to treat effectively many infectious diseases, including some that were once life-threaten diseases. 178 The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring? Use examples and details in your answer. 21 世纪开始了,你认为新世纪会有什么变化? 1 环境问题被重视和改善 段落大意:人类行为已经给环境带来很大伤害,幸运的是这些问题通过人类的努力,可以得 到缓解或者解决. Since the earliest days, the human race has sought to bend the natural environment to its will; since the first Man cut the first branch from a tree, a battle has been fought between mankind and Mother Nature. Rivers have been dammed, forests cleared away and mountains leveled in our quest to mould the environment to our needs. Our blinkered onslaught against the planet reached a terrible peak in the middle of the last century. Since then we have begun to realize the damage that has been done in the name of progress and civilization, but it was too late. Countless species of flora and fauna have been wiped from the face of the planet never to be seen again. Vast areas of once lush vegetation have been turned to dust. Fortunately all the problems people have thrown light on can be reverse by the hand of people. 2 政府在改善环境方面的努力 段落大意:政府在改善环境问题方面期盼会有更大的努力. Environment can be defined as the natural features of our surroundings such as plant and animal life and their habitats, water, soils and the atmosphere. The impact of people on their environment can be devastating. This is where the respective role of governments can make decisions that shape environmental policy and responsibilities. These governments can be broken up into four different levels: local, state, federal and international. 3 言论自由更加被保障 段落大意:言论自由得以保障. With the First Amendment states, we as Americans are given numerous freedoms. These freedoms become a constitutional right which no one can take away from us. Among these rights are the freedom of speech and freedom of the press. Many people feel that with these two freedoms combined they can post on the Internet whatever they want. However, the First Amendment does have limitations. Contrary to what some people may believe, our freedom of speech is not protected when it comes to indecency. This fact, along with several other reasons, is why cyber-pornography should no longer be present on the Internet. 4 网络审查更加严格 段落大意:网络被证明是很好的教育资源,但是为了普及网络,网络内容必须经过审查. For many people, using the Internet has become practically a new way of life, especially for college students and the like. Various types of information can be accessed at the touch of a button: anything from encyclopedias, to surveys and essays, to articles from magazines, and adult sites. Anyone who pays for their Internet service is usually offered the opportunity to surf in the internet. But what would be resulted from this freedom to children? If adults can access this information with such ease, what's stopping kids from checking it out too? Who decides what's appropriate for kids and what's not when their parents aren't constantly leaning over their shoulders? And what about posting things that may be off ethic? In this case, too many people are calling for internet censorship. 081 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made the world a better place to live. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 技术使得这个世界更加适合居住,同意与否? 1 技术使得世界越来越小 段落大意:全球化趋势在技术发展的支持下,将世界变得越来越小.电子邮件和视频电话等 新兴技术,使得人们的交流和商品、资金的流动变得容易. Globalization and increased international business can be directly attributed to mass media and mass transit. With new technologies such as videophone, Internet chat and Internet meeting rooms the thought of globalization becomes a reality for even the smallest of companies. The concept of globalization sometimes approaches this change as being one which either should or will result in a complete homogenization of culture and the formation of a unified global community. 2 全球化消除了国家间的界限 段落大意:全球化进程弱化了国家间界限,提高生活水平,增加国际贸易的好处. "Global integration is shrinking time, shrinking space and eroding national boundaries." Globalization is possibly the most important force describing the process of increasing integration and interdependence between national economies. It depicts the breaking down of national boundaries leading to the establishment of a single world market. This inevitable process of globalization will continue to be accelerated by the electronic revolution. Advancement in telecommunications and information technology has lead to growth in cross border relationships initiated by the drivers of globalization. Embracing globalization is encouraged due to its explicit benefits including reducing poverty, increasing living standards and increasing world trade. These advantages must be weighed against the negative impacts of loss of environmental quality, dominance of transnational corporations and exploitation of labor. 3 经济和科技上的发展使得全球化进程加快 段落大意:经济和科技的发展,使得资金的流通,人们的交流越来越容易. Economically, globalization has been greatly encouraged since the Second World War, with the introduction of free trade agreements. Additionally, regional trade agreements have also been developed, which have included 'single markets' established by the European Community and NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). Technologically, the Information Technology revolution has resulted in massive improvements in communication, through faxes, email, and the internet. These improvements have resulted in the world becoming a smaller place as world-wide interaction is both quick and easy. 4技术发展带来环境问题 段落大意:技术的发展带来了严重的环境问题. Environmentally problems are increasingly becoming global problems. Therefore, countries are no longer able to look at environmental issues in isolation. This has been dramatically illustrated for example by the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl, the depletion of the ozone layer and acid rain over Scandinavia. Countries now need to act collectively to reverse the situation. 104 When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question. It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer. 艺术家还是科学家对社会贡献大? 1 艺术和科学的相似性 段落大意:艺术和科学并不是互相割裂的.科学在特殊中找普遍,而艺术旨在抓住特殊,启 蒙大众. Throughout the history of man, art has been a method for communication, and in the process it has alternatively shocked and soothed the world. Similarly, science has also disturbed and reassured the society. This much is evident through an evaluation of both studies. Science can be seen as the study of what is held in common between many particular instances. Art, among other things, is an attempt to capture the specific, and thus illuminate the general. 2 科学和艺术人们都需要 段落大意:人们需要科学和艺术双方,科学和艺术的平衡才是人们学习的方向. One needs both art and science to be fulfilled. If we see a play, the lighting is manipulated and the props are measured and cut to a certain size. In music there is rhythm and time. In architecture there is measurement and surveying. If art is focused upon more than science or science is focused upon more than art there will not be an equal balance of appreciation between the two fields. There is no art without science. There is no song without pitch and tone and volume. There is no theater without costumes and measurements and carefully designed sets. Art and science should be equally appreciated because each has a great deal to offer. 3 艺术和科学在现实中的并存 段落大意:艺术和科学并不是互相割裂存在,任何事物都有其科学和艺术双面性. Art is not only part of society, but is the product of the beliefs and values of the artist and the audience. I believe that the world is divided in the same manner as the human brain. There are both scientific side and artistic side. Everything in the world can be placed in at least one of the two categories. Furthermore, I believe that neither side is dominant over the other. 4 科学的积极作用 段落大意:科学,技术的进步,为人类生活带来无限好处. Technology is knowledge of using tools and machines to do tasks more efficiently. We use technology to control the world we live in. Science and Technology are making advances at an astonishing rate. From telephones to the Internet, calculators to computers, cars to rockets and satellites, we are part of a new world of discoveries and inventions made possible by Science. Fields like Medicine and communications have changed our cultures and our lifestyles. 132 If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed. 如果可能,你会发明一样什么东西? 1. 发明节能设备,例如绿色高效节能灯---保护环境 Changing the world starts with simple actions. When you replace light bulbs or entire light fixtures in your home with ones that have earned the government's ENERGY STAR, you help preserve energy resources and reduce the risks of global warming while saving money and time buying and changing lights in your home. To save the most energy and money, replace your highest used fixtures or the light bulbs in them with energy-efficient models. The five highest use fixtures in a home are typically the kitchen ceiling lights, the living or family room table and floor lamps, and outdoor porch or post lamp. ENERGY STAR qualified lighting fixtures and replacement bulbs can be found at home improvement and hardware stores, lighting showrooms, and other retail stores, including on-line outlets. Find a retailer in your area with our Find a Store feature. The smallest things can add up to a real difference. We encourage you to change out the light fixtures or bulbs at home that you use most with ENERGY STAR qualified models. If every American home replaced their 5 most frequently used light fixtures or the bulbs in them with ones that have earned the ENERGY STAR, we would save close to $8 billion each year in energy costs, and together we would prevent the greenhouse gases equivalent to the emissions from nearly 10 million cars. 2. Invention 改善人们生活 人类生活被每一个人类的 Invention 所不断优化,改善着 From new modern-day conveniences like computers, cell phones and MP3 players, to the little things that we take for granted every day like electricity, running water, automobiles, telephones and airplanes, the world has evolved into what we know today thanks to the art of invention. 3. Invention 的定义 Defined as the process of discovering or presenting an element of novelty that will be of use to someone or something, inventing has been continuously occurring for centuries. An invention may be based on an earlier idea or collaboration, or may be en entirely new breakthrough alltogether. 4. 一些重要的 Invention 的实例和意义 Some of the greatest inventors of all time, including Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Graham Bell, George Eastman, Steve Jobs and the Wright brothers, all had one thing in common: they wanted to make life a little easier and more convenient for the rest of us. An invention is essentially just a good idea that serves a purpose. The only goal an invention has to accomplish is solving some kind of problem. Whether it's making it easier for wheelchair-bound individuals to get around, or the scientific discovery of a new medical vaccine, every invention fits into its own significant role in society. 5. 富兰克林的很多奇思妙想的发明创意,提供给大家作为写这个题目的素材 Some of Ben Franklin's Quirkiest Ideas The glass armonica Franklin loved music, playing and composing it himself. On one of many trips he would take to England he saw a performer play a tune by stroking the rims of water glasses, each a different size and filled with varying amounts of liquid. Intrigued by the concept, Franklin set about creating a more structured version of the rim trick. With a glassmaker's help, the armonica was born. A wooden stand propped up 37 glass hemispheres on a rotating rod, which Franklin ran moistened fingers along to produce a variety of notes depending on the thickness of the glass. Both Mozart and Beethoven would eventually compose classical pieces specifically intended for the instrument. Swim fins An avid swimmer, Franklin was drawn to water at a young age and consistently promoted the healthy benefits of the exercise in his later writings. At the ripe old age of 11 he invented a pair of fins that, unlike today's modern flippers, were strapped to the swimmer's hands to help make each stroke more efficient. His contributions to the sport led to his posthumous induction into the International Swimming Hall of Fame. The library chair & extension arm Spending an inordinate amount of time among the stacks at the library he founded in Philadelphia, Franklin was inclined to improve the simple devices he used while enjoying his books. First, he converted a regular library chair into a multi-functional appliance that could be sat on or used as a small ladder. For those books still out of reach, Franklin devised an extendable "arm" with fingers that opened and closed by pull cord. 第三大类 环境类 我所搜集到的韦晓亮老师的这本书的部分电子版内容, 完整版的原书 内容量巨大, 暂时还没有找到完美完整版的电子版, 以下这些个人觉 得已经非常具有针对性,和所有考友分享.