A New Energy Efcient Protocol for Minimizing Multi-hop Latency in Wireless Sensor Networks
M. Dhanaraj, B. S. Manoj, and C. Siva Ram Murthy Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, INDIA dhanaraj@cs.iitm.ernet.in, bsmanoj@cs.iitm.ernet.in, murthy@iitm.ac.in
Abstract
In wireless sensor networks, efcient usage of energy helps in improving the network lifetime. As the battery of a sensor node, in most cases, cannot be recharged or replaced after the deployment of the sensors, energy management becomes a critical issue in such networks. In order to detect an event, a sensor network spends majority of the time in monitoring its environment, during which a significant amount of energy can be saved by placing the radio in the low-power sleep mode. This can be achieved by using a dual frequency radio setup. However, such energy saving protocols increase the latency encountered in setting up a multi-hop path. We, in this paper, propose a reservation scheme, Latency minimized Energy Efcient MAC protocol (LEEM), which is a novel hop-ahead reservation scheme in a dual frequency radio to minimize the latency in the multi-hop path data transmission by reserving the next hop's channel a priori. Thus, in a multi-hop sensor network, a packet can be forwarded to the next hop, as soon as it is received by a sensor node, which helps in eliminating the delay incurred for setting up the path. Simulation results show that LEEM consumes lesser power and reduces end-to-end latency by around 50% than that of the existing schemes.
1. Introduction
The recent developments in wireless sensor networking have led to many applications, such as environmental monitoring, smart spaces, and medical systems [1]. Huge population of sensor nodes perform the operation of self-organization to form a network and communicate via a multi-hop path. A sensor node includes three major modules, namely, sensing, processing, and communication

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