中国农业科学 2009,42(4):1290-1298 Scientia Agricultura Sinica
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.04.020
北京平谷区土壤有效磷的空间变异特征 及其环境风险评价
王淑英 ,胡克林 ,路 苹 ,于同泉
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(1 北京农学院农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京 102206;2 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193)
摘要: 【目的】探明土壤有效磷的空间分布,为合理科学配方施肥和识别农业面源磷污染重点控制区提供依 据. 【方法】在北京郊区平谷区布设 1 058 个采样点,测定其耕层(0～20 cm)与亚耕层(20～40 cm)土壤有效 磷含量.应用地统计学方法对数据进行分析. 【结果】平谷区耕层和亚耕层土壤有效磷的变异系数分别为 1.15 和 1.29,均属强变异程度,其平均含量分别为 32.80 和 9.74 mgkg-1,耕层含量高于亚耕层,表现出一定的表聚性. 耕层和亚耕层有效磷的空间相关距离分别为 14.6 和 15.8 km.平谷区耕层土壤有效磷含量空间分布表现为:低山 区>平原区>山区,主要与高程,土地利用方式及施肥量有关.亚耕层有效磷空间分布格局与耕层相似,但其含 量远小于耕层.耕层土壤有效磷含量超过临界值(60 mgkg-1)的概率为 70%～90%的区域占研究区总面积的 1.9%, 主要分布在西北部的半山区.概率plain areas >mountainous area, which was mainly affected by the elevation, land use types, and fertilizers application amount. The spatial distribution of subsoil phosphorus was similar with the topsoil, but its content was far lower than that in surface soil. The areas with 70%-90% probability which topsoil available phosphorus content exceeded the critical value (60 mgkg-1) was 1.9% of the whole areas, where mainly distributed in the north-western low mountainous areas of Pinggu County. The areas with <20% probability of topsoil available phosphorus exceeding 60 mgkg-1 was 70.1% of the whole areas,
收稿日期:2008-06-25;接受日期:2008-11-11 基金项目:北京市教育委员会科技发展计划资助项目(KM-200510020006) ,北京市属市管高校人才强教计划资助项目 作者简介:王淑英(1972-) ,女,内蒙古赤峰人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为土壤质量和植物营养.Tel:010-80799077;E-mail:shuyingw@tom. com.通信作者胡克林(1971-) ,男,湖北钟祥人,教授,博士,研究方向为土壤空间变异和溶质运移.Tel:010-62732412;E-mail: hukel@cau.edu.cn
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王淑英等:北京平谷区土壤有效磷的空间变异特征及其环境风险评价
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where widely lied in north-eastern mountainous areas, eastern low mountainous areas and middle, south-western plain areas. 【Conclusion】 Soil phosphorus in the orchard, vegetable and field land has different degrees of accumulations. Organic manure and fertilizer application are main reasons resulting in higher soil available phosphorus contents in Pinggu County. The middle area of Dahuashan and the south-eastern area of Liujiadian town are the key regions for controlling agricultural non-point phosphorus pollution source. Key words: soil available phosphorus; spatial variability; environmental risk analysis

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