基于自适应更新背景的机车司机工作状态检测
宋志雄1,戴小文2,钟桂英3
西南交通大学 1,交通运输学院 2,电气工程学院 3,建校指挥部 四川 成都 610031
摘要:提出用追踪机车司机头部运动轨迹判别其工作状态.以改进的自适应混合高斯模型实现更新.一种光照下一帧背景图像的各个像素的模型均值构成一个均值矩阵.构建与每个均值矩阵相对应的固定背景宏块的高斯分布模型.背景模型的更新包括两部分:首先,根据固定背景宏块模型均值,在背景库中寻找与当前帧背景最匹配的模型,并更新当前时刻用的背景模型;其次,用自适应方式对每一像素的高斯分布背景模型库进行自动更新,包括权重值的更新.对机车司机工作中的二值差分图像进行形态学处理,计算得到司机头部图像重心.在检测窗内跟踪机车司机头部图像重心的运动轨迹.用司机工作时的头部图像重心间的欧式距离辨识其工作状态.试验证明,此方法对机车司机工作中出现的疲劳发呆,反应迟钝或睡觉等非正常状态检测很有效.
关键词:机车司机;工作状态;自适应;背景模型;混合高斯模型;重心
Operation Mode Detection of Locomotive Driver Based on the Adaptive Updating Backgroud
SONG Zhi-xiong 1 DAI Xiao-wen 2 ZHONG Guiying3
1 College of Traffic & Transportation Southwest Jiaotong University 2 College of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University, 3 The headquarters of building new school Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031,China
Abstract: An approach to judging the operation mode of locomotive driver is presented. A modified mixture adaptive Gaussian model is used to update the background. A matrix is composed of the pixel means in same illuminance. The microblock model of background for all time corresponding the pixel means matrix is proposed. The background update includes two steps. First, the background pixel values in current time are updated by mean of the background microblock for all time. Second, a adaptive updating mothod is used to background models. Processing of the binary image mathematical morphology is given. The picture barycenter of locomotive driver head is calculated. Tracking head moving is used to identify the operation mode of locomotive driver. Experiments on the railway show this approach is effective to detect the abnormality operation modes as being sleep or being in a daze.
Key Words: Locomotive driver; Operation Mode; adaptive;background model; mixture Gaussian model;barycenter
铁路运输安全事故时有发生,造成此类事故的原因有人为因素,技术设备和环境因素.人为因素主要指驾驶员违章作业或操纵失误,各级管理人员在安全和技术上的漏洞以及抢过道口等.如2008年4月28日,胶济铁路发生列车相撞,造成人员重大伤亡的特大事故就是人为造成的.铁路行车死伤事故中占1/2是人为造成的,以冒进信号为例,司机不了望造成事故的占54%,司机打瞌睡为13%,制动设备使用不当为16.5%,误认信号12%[1].随着铁路安全技术的提高,近年来发生的事故中技术性因素明显减少,而人为因素日渐突出.1999年7月9日,京广线461次客车行至衡阳茶山坳附近将通过前方道岔时,车上司机精力不集中,没有认真确认信号,在信号机显示双绿灯的情况下,没有采取减速措施,致使列车以111km/h速度侧向通过限速45km/h的道岔,严重的超速导致列车脱轨颠覆,造成死亡9人,重伤15人,轻伤25人和行车中断32小时.

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